23 Mtf Media Móvil Igor

Hola. ¿Alguien aquí tiene MTF media móvil?

Esto es MTF Promedios móviles - wuith muchos tipos de MA:

El indicador AllAverages_v3.2 está en este post. La configuración de este indicador está aquí. Esta versión funciona con Metatrader 4 build 600 y superior.

// MA_Method = 0: SMA - Media móvil simple // MA_Method = 1: EMA - Media móvil exponencial // MA_Method = 2: Wilder - Wilder Media móvil exponencial // MA_Method = 3: LWMA - Media móvil ponderada lineal // MA_Method = 4: SineWMA - Promedio móvil ponderado sinusoidal // MA_Método = 5: TriMA - Promedio móvil triangular // MA_Método = 6: LSMA - Promedio móvil mínimo cuadrado (o EPMA, línea de regresión lineal) // MA_Método = 7: SMMA - Promedio móvil suavizado // MA_Method = 8: HMA - Promedio móvil del casco de Alan Hull // MA_Method = 9: ZeroLagEMA - Media móvil exponencial de cero-Lag // MA_Method = 10: DEMA - Promedio móvil exponencial doble de Patrick Mulloy // MA_Method = 11: T3_basic - T3 por T. Tillson (versión original) // MA_Metodo = 12: ITrend - Línea de tendencia instantánea por J. Ehlers // MA_Method = 13: Mediana - Mediana móvil // MA_Method = 14: GeoMean - Media geométrica // MA_Method = 15: REMA - EMA regularizada por Chris Satchwell // MA_Método = 16: ILRS - Integral de la pendiente de regresión lineal // MA_Método = 17: IE / 2 - Combinación de LSMA e ILRS // MA_Método = 18: TriMAgen - Media móvil triangular generalizada por J. Ehlers // MA_Method = 19: VWMA - Promedio móvil ponderado por volumen // MA_Method = 20: JSmooth - Suavizado por Mark Jurik // MA_Method = 21: SMA_eq - Simplificado SMA // MA_Method = 22: ALMA - Arnaud Legoux Moving Average // MA_Method = 23: TEMA - Promedio móvil exponencial triple por Patrick Mulloy // MA_Método = 24: T3 - T3 por T. Tillson (versión correcta) // MA_Método = 25: Laguerre - Laguerre filtro por J. Ehlers // MA_Método = 26: MD - McGinley Dinámica

// Lista de Precios: // Precio = 0 - Cerrar // Precio = 1 - Abierto // Precio = 2 - Alto // Precio = 3 - Bajo // Precio = 4 - Precio Mediano = (Alto + Bajo) / 2 // Precio = 5 - Precio Típico = (Alto + Bajo + Cerrar) / 3 // Precio = 6 - Ponderado Cerrar = (Alto + Bajo + Cerrar * 2) / 4 // Precio = 7 - Heiken Ashi Cerrar // Precio = 8 - Heiken Ashi Abierto // Precio = 9 - Heiken Ashi Alto // Precio = 10 - Heiken Ashi Bajo

TimeFrame = 0; Precio = 0; MA_Period = 14; MA_Shift = 0; MA_Method = 0; Color_Mode = 0; Sound_Mode = 0; // 0-off, 1-on (sólo funciona con Color_Mode = 1) Sound_Shift = 0; // Barra 0-open (múltiple), 1-barra cerrada (una vez)

12-24-2014, 07:58 AM

Estoy perdido, por favor ayúdame. Vi esta imagen en este hilo:

Estoy buscando el indicador estándar de Metatrader Moving Average, pero me gustaría seleccionar 2 colores. Por ejemplo, arriba = verde y abajo = rojo. Debe ser posible cambiar entre exponencial, alisado etc. como el de MT.

Mi computadora portátil se formateó tan cant post el indicador. Por favor, busque fxsniper MA o todos los promedios de igorad.

Comentario

Mi computadora portátil se formateó tan cant post el indicador. Por favor, busque fxsniper MA o todos los promedios de igorad.

Guau. ¿Cómo se puede leer la tendencia?

Comentario

Muchas gracias!

Comentario

Fibos como MTF colocados como líneas horizontales

¿Nadie quiere meterse con Bob? (Déjame adivinar: él va a pedir poner Fibos todo sobre él.) Simple MA HrzLine 4 pruebas - si todo está bien, podemos ponerlo en el nuevo AllMAs v2 de Igorad

¿algo como esto?:

TimeFrame = 0; MAPeriod = 21; Ma_shift = 0; Ma_method = 1; Applied_price = 0;

DrawMALine = true; DrawHrzLine = true; HrzLineColor = DodgerBlue; HrzLineStyle = 2; HrzLineWidth = 1; HrzLineOnBar = 0; // barra # (desde la derecha); Barra 0-current (abierta) HrzLineOnBackground = true;

Note_Price = "0C 1O 2H 3L 4Md 5Tp 6WghC: Md (HL / 2) 4, Tp (HLC / 3) 5, Wgh (HLCC / 4) 6"; _MA_Metodo = & gt; SMA0 EMA1 SMMA2 LWMA3 & quot; TimeFrames = M1; 5,15,30,60H1; 240H4; 1440D1; 10080W1; 43200MN ;

¿Se puede hacer un indicador que muestra múltiples Fibos de tiempo en una pantalla en forma de líneas horizontales? Gracias. F

¿Cuál es la codificación para un EMA de 12 días?

Soy tan nuevo al proraming y consigo el conseguir mal. ! Me pregunto si alguien sería lo suficientemente amable para darme la codificación MQL4 para un EMA de 12 días. Si me das la sintaxis de estos cálculos en MQL4, también me ayudaría;

1. 12 días EMA - 26 EMA 2. William% R 14 días Simple MA

También, quiero ver mi EMA - 26 EMA de 12 días como una línea y un histograma. ¿Qué debo hacer para convertirlo de una forma a otra?

Muchísimas gracias.

Comentario

1. 12 días EMA - 26 EMA 2. William% R 14 días Simple MA

También, quiero ver mi EMA - 26 EMA de 12 días como una línea y un histograma. ¿Qué debo hacer para convertirlo de una forma a otra?

Muchísimas gracias.

No entiendo lo que dices 1. 12 días EMA - 26 EMA? Necesitas una diferencia Si es así (MACD 12,26, x) lo hará

Para su primera pregunta = cambie el Buffer SetIndexStyle (0, DRAW_LINE); En SetIndexStyle (0, DRAW_HISTOGRAM);

Comentario

Última edición por fxbs; 29-03-2009, 04:29.

Comentario

En busca de un canal de media móvil basado en el percentil

¿Alguien sabe, o tiene la capacidad de código, un indicador MT4 para crear un canal de media móvil como el descrito por Gerald Appel (sí, el originador de MACD) - aquí hay un artículo acerca de cómo lo utiliza:

Todos los canales que he podido encontrar se basan en el uso de una MA para el canal superior y otra para el canal inferior (como en el alto y el bajo, o diferentes longitudes para el MA).

Su sistema se basa en tener la MA como la línea central del canal, y los límites superior e inferior son un porcentaje mayor y menor que eso, como 8% más y menos por ejemplo. Esto resulta en un canal de anchura constante que se mueve con el precio. Establece ese porcentaje para abarcar alrededor del 95% de la acción del precio (un ajuste visual y subjetivo).

Al igual que con otros canales, las señales son generadas por la interacción del precio con los límites superior e inferior, pero te dice algo más que comprar y vender. También te dice cuándo una tendencia está perdiendo fuerza y preparándose para invertir.

Si alguien pudiera ayudarme creando esto, estaría muy agradecido! ¡Gracias por adelantado!

Comentario

MetaTrader 4 - Indicadores

MTF MACD - indicador para MetaTrader 4

MTF MACD es un indicador de MetaTrader basado en el bien conocido MACD. Moving Average Convergence / Divergence, es un indicador de análisis técnico creado por Gerald Appel en los años sesenta. Muestra la diferencia entre un promedio móvil exponencial rápido y lento (EMA) de los precios de cierre. Además tiene línea de señal que es el promedio móvil simple (SMA) del valor principal del indicador. MACD es un indicador de tendencia siguiente, y está diseñado para identificar los cambios de tendencia. Por lo general, no se recomienda en condiciones de mercado.

En MetaTrader tenemos MACD ya incluido como un indicador técnico estándar. Sin embargo, sólo puede utilizarse para el período de tiempo actual. Cuando estamos buscando tendencia, es muy conveniente tener MACD mostrando plazos más altos. MTF MACD presentado aquí tiene parámetro adicional - TimeFrame. Puede utilizarlo para configurar un período de tiempo más alto desde el que el MACD calculará sus valores. Debido a que los valores se derivan de barras, cuando se utilizan períodos de tiempo más altos, notará la forma aproximada de las líneas de indicador.

Ajustes MTF MACD:

El valor predeterminado es 0 - significa tiempo actual. Para otros intervalos de tiempo: 1 = M1, 5 = M5, 15 = M15, 30 = M30, 60 = H1, 240 = H4, 1440 = D1, 10080 = W1, 43200 = MN1

El valor predeterminado es 12. Este es el promedio móvil rápido exponencial.

El valor predeterminado es 26. Esta es la media móvil exponencial lenta.

El valor predeterminado es 9. Esta es la línea de señal y es un promedio móvil simple.

El valor predeterminado es 0 - significa el precio de cierre usado para los cálculos de MA. Para otros tipos de precio: 0-CLOSE, 1-OPEN, 2-HIGH, 3-LOW, 4-MEDIAN, 5-TYPICAL, 6-WEIGHTED.

El valor por defecto es 0. Este parámetro desplaza el indicador entero por el número de barras de Shift desde el tiempo establecido a la derecha en el gráfico.

MTF MACD captura de pantalla

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¡Prueba GRATIS los productos más populares!

Indicador gratuito MTF-MA

Indicador gratuito MTF-MA Concepción

El indicador i-MTF-MA dibuja el Promedio móvil en periodos de tiempo más altos.

Opciones de Free Indicator MTF-MA

Extern int MA. TF = PERIOD_H4; // Período del gráfico (período de gráfico). Puede ser cualquiera de los siguientes valores: // // Constante | Valor | Descripción // PERIOD_M1 | 1 | 1 minuto. // PERIOD_M5 | 5 5 minutos. // PERIOD_M15 | 15 | 15 minutos. // PERIOD_M30 | 30 | 30 minutos. // PERIOD_H1 | 60 | 1 hora. // PERIOD_H4 | 240 | 4 horas. // PERIOD_D1 | 1440 | Diariamente. // PERIOD_W1 | 10080 | Semanal. // PERIOD_MN1 | 43200 | Mensual. // 0 (cero) | 0 | Periodo de tiempo utilizado en la tabla.

Extern int MA. Period = 13; // período MA, barras

Extern int MA. ma_shift = 0; // MA cambio, barras

Extern int MA. applied_price = PRICE_CLOSE; // Constantes de precios aplicadas. Puede ser cualquiera de los siguientes valores: // // Constante | Valor | Descripción // PRICE_CLOSE | 0 | Precio cercano. // PRICE_OPEN | 1 | Precio de apertura. // PRICE_HIGH | 2 | Precio alto. // PRICE_LOW | 3 | Precio bajo. // PRICE_MEDIAN | 4 | Precio medio, (alto + bajo) / 2. // PRICE_TYPICAL | 5 | Precio típico, (alto + bajo + cierre) / 3. // PRICE_WEEDED | 6 | Precio de cierre ponderado, (alto + bajo + cierre + cierre) / 4.

Su opinión: Nota: HTML no está traducido!

Valoración: Malo Bueno

Tenga en cuenta que las transacciones de divisas y otros tipos de apalancamiento implican un riesgo significativo de pérdida. No es adecuado para todos los inversores y debe asegurarse de que entiende los riesgos involucrados, buscando asesoramiento independiente si es necesario. Leer la información completa.

Tel: 1.347.329.4439 | Correo electrónico: support@iticsoftware. com | Skype: iticsoftware

MetaTrader & # 174 ;, MetaQuotes & # 174 ;, MQL4 & # 174 ;, MQL5 & # 174 ;, MT4 & # 174 ;, MT5 & # 174; Es una marca registrada de Metaquotes & # 174; www. metaquotes. net

$ 390

¿Qué es el Marco Multi-Tiempo MA & # 8211; ooel

Hemos puesto mucho tiempo y esfuerzo en esta herramienta y es una obra maestra. Todas las nuevas capacidades de OOEL ahora se ponen a su favor, para darle la ventaja competitiva que busca.

Este indicador único le permite trazar promedios móviles (simples, exponenciales, ponderados) en cualquier gráfico desde cualquier momento. Puede poner una SMA de 60 minutos en un gráfico de 5 minutos o un WMA semanal en un gráfico diario e incluso puede llevarlo al extremo y colocar un SMA de 5000 tick en un gráfico de 15 minutos. Las posibilidades son ilimitadas.

Permite verlo en acción:

AMZN 15 Min Chart: En el gráfico, se puede ver un SMA de 60 Min cuando el símbolo en el gráfico es sólo 15 Min.

GBPUSD Forex 15 Min Gráfico: Aquí tenemos un ejemplo de una SMA semanal que se traza en un gráfico de 60 Min. Las posibilidades son infinitas y le hemos dado un control total para usarlo como mejor le parezca.

Gráfico AAPL 15 Min: Esto emplea un nuevo enfoque único; Ahora puede colocar un SMA de 5 minutos en un gráfico de 15 minutos, proporcionándole un mA mucho más ajustado y más sensible.

Fácil de usar.

Control total.

Funcionalidad de color de direccionalidad.

¡Trace cualquier marco de tiempo en cualquier gráfico!

Apoyo de minuto, diario semanal y mensual MAs.

Trazar MAs de otros símbolos en el gráfico (excelente para forex) - sólo versión premium

SMA EMA y WMA - EMA sólo se admiten en la versión Premium

Trazar tick MA en los gráficos minuciosos y minutos en el gráfico de ticks - sólo versión premium

Descargar DIG MTF MA & # 8211; OOEL de forma gratuita!

Versión Preliminar

Lleve este gran indicador al siguiente nivel. Utilícelo en gráficos de la cotización, diagrama las líneas de EMA, y traza otros símbolos en la misma carta (grande para los comerciantes de la divisa).

Permite verlo en acción:

AAPL 500 Tick Chart: En la tabla de arriba se puede ver el verdadero poder de este gran indicador, una línea de EMA de 15 min que se traza en una carta de 500 tick.

Carta de la Cartilla AAPL 500. Soporte de Tick Full - este es un ejemplo del 2500 Tick EMA trazado en un gráfico de 500 Tick.

GBPUSD 500 Tick Chart: Ahora puede no sólo utilizar gráficos de ticks y tick data para el MA, sino que también puede dar un paso adelante y trazar varios símbolos en el mismo gráfico; Arriba es un ejemplo de un MA de 500 ticks de GBPUSD, AUDUSD y EURUSD todos representados en el mismo gráfico. Puede obtener la imagen completa que necesita de un solo vistazo

Fácil de usar.

Control total.

Funcionalidad de color de direccionalidad.

¡Trace cualquier marco de tiempo en cualquier gráfico!

Apoyo de minuto, diario semanal y mensual MAs.

Trazar MAs de otros símbolos en el gráfico (ideal para Forex)

SMA EMA y WMA

Trazar Tick MAs en los gráficos de minutos y Minutos MA en la carta de tick

Obtenga una suscripción anual para el DIG MTF MA & # 8211; Indicador OOEL:

Proceso de compra: Después de la compra, le enviaremos un código a su dirección de correo electrónico con instrucciones sobre cómo instalar y utilizar el indicador. Los productos se envían generalmente en el plazo de 24 horas.

Personalización del indicador: Si lo desea, podemos modificar el indicador para satisfacer sus necesidades específicas mediante la adición de funciones personalizadas, alertas, compatibilidad con la pantalla del radar, funcionalidad MTF y más: Obtenga una cotización

Compra segura: se le transferirá a una página de compra segura. Utilizamos PayPal como sistema de pago de terceros.

Nuestros clientes dicen:

Estoy muy satisfecho con sus indicadores y he hecho que mi dinero en un solo día de comercio y la tranquilidad de que cuando estoy buscando nuevos indicadores que será el primero que voy a llamar. Bernard G Concord, NH

Acabo de conseguir los indicadores y son brillantes. Estoy tan contento que no puedo decirte. Siento que ya soy un cliente para toda la vida y estoy seguro de que hay más trabajo que me gustaría que ustedes hicieran en el futuro. Realmente espero que ustedes estén obteniendo el éxito comercial que merecen. Mike R. Reino Unido

Aprecio la dedicación que pusiste en tu trabajo (durante las horas del fin de semana). Fue un placer volver a hacer negocios contigo. Sé dónde tengo que ir para mis futuras solicitudes específicas de programación. Robert S. Oranjestad, Aruba

Hola chicos, no podría ser más alentado por su correo electrónico. Gracias por la explicación y completamente aprecio todo. Mirando hacia adelante para ver el producto. Dave S. Sarasota, FL

Muy buen trabajo, me gusta ese tweak que incluyó. Es una gran idea, realmente me gustan las ayudas visuales extras y la selección de los colores hace que se destaque! Craig V Pittsburgh, PA

Sólo quiero darles las gracias a ambos por el esfuerzo que Pro-Trading indicadores poner en completar mi indicador y el estudio antes de Navidad, tendría que decir que le califico como el mejor que he tratado en más de 18 años de comercio. Mark C. Nueva Gales del Sur, Australia

Quiero agradecerle por su trabajo en mi indicador personalizado. Fue una pesadilla tratando de mirar a 50ETF para ver cuál había disparado la alerta. He hecho 10X lo que cobró en el primer día. Ahora puedo trabajar y esperar a que el pitido se apague y luego algún tipo de acción. ¡GRAN TRABAJO! Volveré con más trabajo para usted pronto. Dennis F. Los Angeles, CA

MTF MACD Indicador que muestra 7 marcos de tiempo - FREE TRADING VIDEO

MTF MACD indicador que muestra 7 marcos de tiempo

MACD es un indicador de impulso que sigue la tendencia que muestra la relación entre dos medias móviles de precios. El MACD se calcula restando la media móvil exponencial de 26 periodos (EMA) de la EMA de 12 periodos.

El MTF MACD Indicator es el nuevo MACD mejorado de 2 maneras significativas: (1) elimina distorsiones de "Gap", y (2) muestra MACD de 7 diferentes marcos de tiempo a la vez.

De seis modos puede aprovechar el indicador MTF MACD: (1) elimina la distorsión de "gap", (2) agrega el "edge" de negociación MTF a su indicador MACD, (3) entradas largas cuando la línea de tiempo de la carta MACD cruza por encima del Otras líneas de tiempo de MACD, (4) vender entradas cortas cuando la línea de tiempo de la carta de MACD cruza bajo otras líneas de tiempo de MACD, (5) entradas largas y cortas cuando la línea de gráfico de MACD salta de la línea diaria de MACD y (6) Cuando la línea de tiempo del gráfico de MACD termina una onda de tendencia se mueve y tira dentro de las otras líneas de tiempo de MACD.

Mire este video para ver el MTF MACD en funcionamiento mostrando 7 marcos de tiempo diferentes en un subgrafo.

Este producto de software add-on TradeStation incluye: MTF MACD Indicator Espacio de trabajo mostrado en el video

Si te gusta el MACD y quieres eliminar la distorsión "Gap" del indicador MACD y añadir el marco de tiempo múltiple "Edge" en su comercio, entonces el indicador MTF MACD es la elección correcta.

Promedio móvil de tiempo múltiple (MTF)

Acerca de Multi-Timeframe Moving Averages

La Media móvil de tiempo múltiple forma parte del conjunto de herramientas de DS Essentials y se implementa como una superposición en Técnico. Calculará y mostrará un promedio móvil usando el intervalo de barras, el tipo medio móvil, la longitud y la fuente de precios que ha seleccionado. Esto le permite trazar promedios móviles basados en un intervalo de barras que es mayor que el intervalo de gráfico actual. Si no especifica un intervalo de barras, el promedio móvil se calculará en el intervalo de gráfico. Múltiples promedios móviles se pueden cargar en el mismo gráfico.

En la carta de CSCO de 5 min. Arriba hemos cargado 3 promedios móviles: un promedio de regresión lineal en el intervalo de 120 minutos, un promedio de casco en el intervalo de 60 min y un ema corriendo en el intervalo de 15 minutos Barra de intervalo.

Los tipos de media móvil que puede seleccionar son sma (media móvil simple), ema (promedio móvil exponencial), wma (media móvil ponderada), linReg (media de regresión lineal) y casco (media móvil del casco). Además del tipo de gráfico OHLC estándar, el indicador Multi-Timeframe Moving Average se puede usar con los tipos de gráfico Heikin-Ashi, Kagi, Line Break y Range Bars. No funcionará con la función Point & amp; Tipos de gráficos de la figura o Renko.

Los intervalos de barras disponibles que puede utilizar son:

Diariamente (D & # 8217; o D & # 8217; o & # 8222; día & # 8221;)

Semanal (entrada & # 8217; o & lt; semana & # 8222; o & # 8222;

Mensual (entrada & # 8217; M & # 8221; o & mdash; mes o & # 8221;)

Cualquier intervalo de barra intradía de 1 (minuto) hasta 480.

El cuadro de diálogo del menú de parámetros de Moving Average del Multi-Timeframe le permitirá introducir un intervalo intradía mayor de 480 minutos, pero el intervalo real se reducirá a 480 minutos cuando se cree el promedio móvil.

Nota . Si el intervalo de gráfico actual es mayor que el intervalo especificado para la media móvil, el promedio utilizará el intervalo de gráfico para el cálculo. Si el intervalo de gráfico se cambia a un valor que es más pequeño que el intervalo especificado para la media móvil, el promedio móvil se calculará de nuevo en el intervalo seleccionado.

Para quitar una media móvil del gráfico o para editar cualquiera de los ajustes, mueva el cursor sobre el gráfico del promedio móvil. Aparecerá un pequeño cuadro de diálogo indicando que debe hacer clic con el botón derecho del ratón para administrar. Haga clic con el botón derecho del ratón en su gráfico y aparecerá el cuadro de diálogo Editar / Eliminar:

Nota . Hay una situación en la que la lógica Editar / Eliminar discutida anteriormente no funcionará. Como ejemplo, digamos que usted está en un gráfico de 5 minutos y carga 3 promedios móviles, uno que usa el intervalo de 15 minutos, uno que usa el intervalo de 30 minutos y otro que usa los 60 - min intervalo & # 8230; y supongamos que los 3 promedios usan la misma longitud y el mismo tipo de media móvil y la misma fuente de precio. En el gráfico de 5 minutos, todos tendrán parcelas únicas ya que cada una se basa en un intervalo de barras diferente. Sin embargo, si cambia el intervalo de gráfico a Diario, los 3 promedios móviles ahora usarán los datos Diarios para calcular (es decir, puesto que los intervalos de promedio móvil que especificó originalmente son ahora más pequeños que el intervalo de gráfico) y producirán exactamente la misma parcela . Si mueve el cursor sobre este & # 8220; combinado & # 8221; Parcela y haga clic con el botón secundario del mouse en & # 8230; nada sucederá. Por lo tanto, no podrá editar ni borrar ninguno de los promedios en esta situación. La solución es sencilla: cambie el intervalo de gráfico de nuevo a un intervalo inferior para que los 3 promedios tengan un gráfico único y la funcionalidad Editar / Eliminar estará de nuevo disponible.

Haga clic en el botón Editar y aparecerá el cuadro de diálogo Parámetros promedio MTF.

Realice los cambios de configuración y, a continuación, haga clic en el botón Crear para aplicarlos a la superposición.

Guía del usuario

MTF MA traza cualquier tipo de promedios móviles en cualquier momento. Puede realizar un seguimiento de las medias móviles diarias en un gráfico de 30 metros, por ejemplo. Esto le permite rastrear todo en un gráfico. Usted tendrá más espacio para otros pares de divisas.

Los promedios móviles son ampliamente utilizados en el comercio de divisas. Se utilizan para identificar la dirección de la tendencia, así como para localizar las zonas de soporte / resistencia.

MTF Moving Average MT4 Indicator - se basa en las medias móviles, se puede utilizar para la pérdida de stop o el comercio regular. Precio por encima de la tendencia del indicador - hacia arriba, por debajo de la tendencia descendente.

Tf - período de la fuente de tiempo - el período del método de deslizamiento - el método de promediar el cambio de cambio de conjunto de datos respectivamente

[Php] & lt; / pre & gt; // + y + 8212; 8212; 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; Mtf-ma. mq4 | // | Yury Zinoviev | // | https://sites. google. com/site/fxtraderz100 | // + y + 8212; 8212; 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; Zinoviev & # 8221; #property link & # 8220; https: //sites. google. com/site/fxtraderz100″

#property indicator_chart_window #property indicator_buffers 1 #property indicator_color1 Amarillo // entradas externas dobles tf = 1440; Período externo int = 15; Extern int método = 0; Extern int shift = 0;

// buffers double ma [];

Int init () SetIndexBuffer (0, ma); SetIndexStyle (0, DRAW_LINE, STYLE_SOLID, 1); SetIndexLabel (0, & # 8221; MA + # 8221; + tf); IndicatorShortName (Promedio móvil (& # 8220; + tf + & # 8220 ;, período + & # 8220;) & # 8221;); Return (0); > Int deinit () return (0); > Int start () int cb = IndicatorCount (); Int i = Bars-cb-1; Doble ctf = Período (); Imprimir (& lt; tf = & # 8221; + ctf actual); Doble r = tf / ctf; Imprimir (r = & # 8221; + r); Mientras que (i & gt; = 0) int k = MathFloor (i / r);

Ma [i] = iMA (símbolo (), tf, período, cambio, método, PRICE_CLOSE, k); I & # 8211 ;; > Return (0); & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & lt; & lt; pre & gt; [& php] ]

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El promedio móvil de tiempo múltiple de RSI (MARSI) calcula el SMA en RSI en múltiples marcos de tiempo. El MARSI es un poco más lento en su reacción que el RSI pero también exhibe menos ruido & # 8221 ;. Algunos operadores de Forex consideran que el RSI es uno de los mejores indicadores disponibles. Hay un montón de libros y artículos en línea escritos sobre RSI, cómo usarlo, y el valor que proporciona en la predicción de la dirección a corto plazo de los pares de divisas. A pesar de que RSI es uno de los principales indicadores de impulso utilizados al analizar los gráficos, algunos comerciantes han encontrado que el RSI funciona mejor & # 8230; sigue leyendo

MTF MA traza cualquier tipo de promedios móviles en cualquier momento. Puede realizar un seguimiento de las medias móviles diarias en un gráfico de 30 metros, por ejemplo. Esto le permite realizar un seguimiento de todo en & # 8230; sigue leyendo

¡Solo miembros!

MTF MACD

MTF MACD es un indicador de MetaTrader basado en el bien conocido MACD. Moving Average Convergence / Divergence, es un indicador de análisis técnico creado por Gerald Appel en los años sesenta. Muestra la diferencia entre un promedio móvil exponencial rápido y lento (EMA) de los precios de cierre. Además tiene línea de señal que es el promedio móvil simple (SMA) del valor principal del indicador. MACD es un indicador de tendencia siguiente, y está diseñado para identificar los cambios de tendencia. Generalmente no se recomienda en condiciones de mercado variables.

En MetaTrader tenemos MACD ya incluido como un indicador técnico estándar. Sin embargo, sólo puede utilizarse para el período de tiempo actual. Cuando estamos buscando tendencia, es muy conveniente tener MACD mostrando plazos más altos. MTF MACD presentado aquí tiene parámetro adicional & # 8211; Periodo de tiempo. Puede utilizarlo para configurar un período de tiempo más alto desde el que el MACD calculará sus valores. Debido a que los valores se derivan de barras, cuando se utilizan períodos de tiempo más altos, notará la forma aproximada de las líneas de indicador.

Ajustes MTF MACD:

El valor predeterminado es 0 & # 8211; Significa tiempo actual. Para otros intervalos de tiempo: 1 = M1, 5 = M5, 15 = M15, 30 = M30, 60 = H1, 240 = H4, 1440 = D1, 10080 = W1, 43200 = MN1

El valor predeterminado es 12. Este es el promedio móvil rápido exponencial.

El valor predeterminado es 26. Esta es la media móvil exponencial lenta.

El valor predeterminado es 9. Esta es la línea de señal y es un promedio móvil simple.

El valor predeterminado es 0 & # 8211; Significa el precio de cierre utilizado para cálculos de MA. Para otros tipos de precio: 0-CLOSE, 1-OPEN, 2-HIGH, 3-LOW, 4-MEDIAN, 5-TYPICAL, 6-WEIGHTED.

El valor por defecto es 0. Este parámetro desplaza el indicador entero por el número de barras de Shift desde el tiempo establecido a la derecha en el gráfico.

MTF MACD captura de pantalla

Una pregunta a la última parte del código (en la función de inicio):

¿Alguna sugerencia sobre cómo cambiar este código para obtener este indicador MTF MACD para dibujar más suave?

Digamos que el indicador se utiliza en M1 para dibujar un M5 MACD (usando el ajuste predeterminado de 12, 26, 9), el indicador tal como está ahora hará referencia a cada precio de cierre usado en el cálculo 5 veces hasta pasar al siguiente valor de cierre Que se utilizará 5 veces de nuevo). Por lo tanto, obtener el indicador de paso de escalera como se muestra en el artículo.

¿Cómo se puede cambiar esto para que el indicador en un momento dado haga referencia al próximo precio de cierre en el marco de tiempo principal? Caso: Estamos en M1 con el MTF MACD ajustado a la referencia M5. Ahora, para obtener un MACD más suave valor que quiero, en cualquier momento, el uso de precio actual shift0 y el precio de cierre en shift5, shift10, 15, 20, 25, etc

Si en M5 y MTF MACD fijado a M15, el indicador debe hacer referencia al precio actual de cambio0 y al precio de cierre de cambio3, cambio6, 9 etc. O para ser más específico:

¿Cómo puedo recopilar y hacer referencia a una matriz de precios donde la matriz se define desde HigherTimeFrame / PresentTimeFrame = TFfactor y # de períodos en MACD?

La matriz para FastPeriod (en este caso FastPeriod = 12) es: Shift0 y 11 periodos con el factor TF entre cada valor (si PresentTimeFrame = M5 y HigherTimeFrame = M15 entonces la matriz referenciada para el período rápido es Shift0, 3, 6, 9 , 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33 sobre M5). Y el mismo principio se aplica a la matriz SlowPeriod.

Me imagino que el beneficio es que un valor más alto MACD valor se está actualizando cada vez que el menor tiempo traza una nueva barra. Por supuesto que no dibujará el valor exacto del MACD de TF más alto como si un MACD estuviera trazado en ese TF más alto. Pero dará un crossover de línea cero más temprano, y potencialmente señales comerciales anteriores.

Se agradece cualquier comentario y ayuda. Gracias.

Este es el foro MetaTrader. Por favor. Nadie aquí está interesado en su alfabetización.

Marynarz15 escribió: El código que comparto es totalmente mía & # 8230 ;.

Y Guerra y Paz & # 8211; También el suyo & # 8211; Mismo libro, pero el suyo llama "muy diferente" (Pieza y Guerra), personajes muy diferentes también & # 8211; (Pedro cambió a Pedro) & # 8230 ;. Unesdoc. unesco. org unesdoc. unesco. org

Gracias por compartir tu opinión. Creo que eres mucho más inteligente que yo

Marynarz15 escribió: Me alegro de que publicó este código. Ahora todo el mundo puede ver que es muy diferente & # 8230;

Maryna, parece que no es una niña muy brillante, así que otra vez. Si piensa reemplazar & # 8220; i & # 8221; Con & # 8220; A & # 8221; Y # 8221; con B & # 8217 ;, TF / Per con & # 8220; delta & # 8221; (Que es TF / Per), etc haría muy diferente & # 8221; & # 8211; Sólo ofender a la inteligencia de la gente & # 8211; No son tan mudos como tú & # 8230; pensar

Me alegro de que hayas publicado este código. Ahora todo el mundo puede ver que es muy diferente & # 8230;

Debe ser: limit = Bars-counted_bars + TimeFrame / Period ();

& # 8220; programador & # 8221; & # 8211; Usted no puede leer o dum?

Sus derechos de autor & # 8221; & # 8211; Derecho, usted copió Kerises indi. Palo algunos cambios de minutos (su mierda del 80%). )))))

Por cierto Fue primer post muy y Kerises muy primeros mtf ind & # 8230; Última edición por keris2112; 03-05-2006 at 02:11 AM. & # 8211; Hilo entero después de eso

Y BTW & # 8211; Maryna, no soy Keris

// + y + 8212; 8212; 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; MTF_RSI. mq4 | // | Copyright © 2006, Keris2112 | // + y + 8212; 8212; 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; ; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; © 2006, Keris2112 & # 8221; #property link & # 8220; Http://www. forex-tsd. com & # 8221;

#property indicator_separate_window #property indicator_buffers 1 #property indicator_color1 DodgerBlue #property indicator_level1 30 #property indicator_level2 70

Extern int TimeFrame = 0; Extern int RSIperiod = 14; Extern int applied_price = 0;

Doble ExtMapBuffer1 []; // + y + 8212; 8212; 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212; & # 8212;

Int init () SetIndexBuffer (0, ExtMapBuffer1);

TimeFrame = MathMax (TimeFrame, Period ()); IndicatorShortName (MTF_RSI (& # 8220; + RSIperiod + & # 8221;) [M & # 8221; + TimeFrame + & # 8221;] & # 8220;);

Int start () datetime TimeArray []; Int i, límite, y = 0, contted_bars = IndicatorCount ();

If (contted_bars & lt; 0) return (-1); If (counted_bars & gt; 0) counted_bars & # 8211 ;;

Para (i = 0, y = 0; i & lt; limit; i ++) if (Time [i] & lt; TimeArray [y]) y ++;

Keris He marcado & # 8216; su código & # 8217; & # 8230;

Esto es lo que publicó:

Y aquí podemos ver cómo funciona:

El código se ve así:

Doble ExtMapBuffer1 []; Int init () SetIndexBuffer (0, ExtMapBuffer1); SetIndexStyle (0, DRAW_LINE); (TimeFrame) & # 8230; & # 8230; > IndicatorShortName (& # 8220; + RSIperiod + & # 8221;; + TimeFrameStr + & # 8221;) & # 8221;); > Return (0); > Int start () datetime TimeArray []; Int i, límite, y = 0, contted_bars = IndicatorCount (); Limit = Bars-counted_bars; Para (i = 0, y = 0; i & lt; limit; i ++) if (Time [i] & lt; TimeArray [y]) y ++; ExtMapBuffer1 [i] = iRSI (NULL, TimeFrame, RSIperiod, applied_price, y); > Return (0); >

Y funciona así:

Si usted reclama derechos de autor sobre el código anterior, no veo ningún problema & # 8230;

Para veinte líneas de código tenemos una diferencia del 80%. Y el tuyo es completamente mierda & # 8230;

El código que comparto es enteramente mío. El código al que se refiere es bastante diferente.

Me pregunto si esto funciona todo el tiempo, especialmente si tiene vacíos ..

If (Time [i] & lt; TimeArray [y]) y ++;

He codificado algunos indicadores mucho más complejos multi-timeframe a algunos de mis clientes y que estaban muy contentos, así que pensé que sería bueno para compartir alguna versión muy básica de forma gratuita con el mundo.

Gracias por el comentario de todos modos.

))))))))))))) Totalmente suyo & # 8221 ;? Qué b. s .; A quien bromeas (Puede ser sólo aquellos, de los que recoja información de facturación & # 8221;)

Básicamente lo mismo

ArrayCopySeries (TimeArray, MODE_TIME, Symbol (), TimeFrame); Limit = Bars & # 8211; las barras contadas; Limit = MathMax (límite, TimeFrame / Period ()); // limit = Bars-counted_bars + TimeFrame / Period ();

Para (i = 0, y = 0; i & lt; limit; i ++)

If (TimeFrame & gt; Period ()) delta = MathCeil (TimeFrame / Period ()); Limit = Bars-counted_bars + delta;

ArrayCopySeries (TimeArray, MODE_TIME, Symbol (), TimeFrame); ITF = 0; for(iChart=0; iChart<limit; iChart++) ExtMapBuffer1[iChart]=iRSI(Symbol(),TimeFrame, RSIPeriod, Applied_price, iTF+Shift);

what is “quite different”. you called “i” & # 8211; “iChart”, y -“iTF”; “while” insead of “if”-different, the rest – la misma cosa. )))))))))) ——————————

shift (iTF+Shift ) – works too bad; it normaly goes in init:

TimeFrame = MathMax(TimeFrame, Period()); SetIndexShift(0,shift*TimeFrame/Period());

MTF MACD

MTF MACD is a MetaTrader indicator based on well known MACD. Moving Average Convergence / Divergence, is a technical analysis indicator created by Gerald Appel in the 1960s. It shows the difference between a fast and slow exponential moving average (EMA) of closing prices. Additionally it has signal line which is simple moving average (SMA) of main value of indicator. MACD is a trend following indicator, and is designed to identify trend changes. It’s generally not recommended in ranging market conditions.

In MetaTrader we have MACD already included as a standard technical indicator. However it can be used only for current timeframe. When we are looking for trend, it is very desirable to have MACD showing higher timeframes. MTF MACD presented here has additional parameter – TimeFrame. You can use it to set up higher timeframe from which MACD will calculate its values. Because values are derived from bars, when using higher timeframes, you will notice rough shape of indicator lines.

MTF MACD settings:

Default value is 0 – means current timeframe. For other timeframes: 1=M1, 5=M5, 15=M15, 30=M30, 60=H1, 240=H4, 1440=D1, 10080=W1, 43200=MN1

Default value is 12. This is fast exponential moving average.

Default value is 26. This is slow exponential moving average.

Default value is 9. This is signal line and it is simple moving average.

Default value is 0 – means Close price used for MA calculations. For other types of price: 0-CLOSE, 1-OPEN, 2-HIGH, 3-LOW, 4-MEDIAN, 5-TYPICAL, 6-WEIGHTED.

Default value is 0. This parameter shifts whole indicator by Shift number of bars from set timeframe to the right on the chart.

MT4 Indicators – Download Instructions

MTF MACD is a Metatrader 4 (MT4) indicator and the essence of the forex indicator is to transform the accumulated history data.

MTF MACD provides for an opportunity to detect various peculiarities and patterns in price dynamics which are invisible to the naked eye.

Sobre la base de esta información, los comerciantes pueden asumir más movimiento de precios y ajustar su estrategia en consecuencia.

How to install MTF MACD. mq4?

Download MTF MACD. mq4

Copy MTF MACD. mq4 to your Metatrader Directory / experts / indicators /

Inicie o reinicie el cliente de Metatrader

Seleccione Chart y Timeframe donde desea probar su indicador

Buscar & # 8220; Indicadores Personalizados & # 8221; En su Navegador en su cliente Metatrader

Right click on MTF MACD. mq4

Adjuntar a un gráfico

Modifica la configuración o presiona ok

Indicator MTF MACD. mq4 is available on your Chart

How to remove MTF MACD. mq4 from your Metatrader 4 Chart?

Seleccione el gráfico donde está el indicador en ejecución en su cliente de Metatrader

Haga clic con el botón derecho en el gráfico

& # 8220; Indicadores de la lista & # 8221;

Seleccione el indicador y elimine

MT4 Indicators Download below:

Alex Multi Moving Average Indicator

Alex Multi Moving Average Indicator Detail:

Presently, our Alex Multi Moving Average Metatrader Indicator can be downloaded for free without dealing with a lot of hassles. This type of forex indicator works properly together with Metatrader 4 as well as Metatrader 5. It is through this internet site that one can study Alex Multi Moving Average forex indicator in depth. Together with this indicator, your Metatrader, no matter what edition it might be, will surely work in miracles.

We even added a photo of the Alex Multi Moving Average just what it appears like when installed. Different Metatrader Moving Average Indicators can also be seen in our internet site. To download these indicators, all you should do is to check out the Moving Average indicator category in our website. After picking an appropriate indicator, you can then download the file so that you can utilize it.

On a regular basis, about 1 downloads are carried out and then in case you read the total number of downloads you will see that it has already hit 198 downloads. Virtually all you need to do to have this indicator is usually click on the download icon which you’ll find down below.

If you find the forex best indicators beneficial, you can share this among your friends and family through clicking the share button below. We also encourage you to leave a review and a rating for the indicator that you have downloaded. Your score is important for other visitors to download this from our site. Thank you for expending time in viewing our site Forex Indi and downloading the Alex Multi Moving Average.

Free Download Alex-Multi-Moving-Average-Indicator. mq4

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New Science of Forex Trading | NSOFT Free Download

In this article we will discuss the new scalping strategy New Science of Forex Trading (NSOFT) . This strategy is very popular and discussed on many popular blogs and forums. The strategy of actively sold on Clickbank, but that did not stop one of the buyers to provide this system for our website. That's how it is paid quickly turns into a free.

Characteristics of New Science of Forex Trading

Platform: Metatrader4

Currency pairs: Any, recommended major

Trading Time: Around the clock

Timeframe: M5 and higher

Recommended broker: Alpari

Indicators used

Moving Average - the standard trend indicator for the platform MetaTrader 4. This system uses crossing of two moving with a period of 6, only one moving is a shift to 1 and the other moving there is no shift. These parameters are chosen for scalping on M5, so that you can optimize these parameters for yourself.

DED - indicator is displayed as dots of blue and yellow color above and below the price. Indicator author, but at once on the eyes, I can say that this is nothing more than a modification of the standard indicator Parabolic.

TES - the indicator located in the first additional window as a histogram of blue and orange. Author strategy closed his indicator settings, so that on the basis of which it was created, I cannot tell you. The system performs the function of a filter: blue bars - buy, orange - sell.

TTL - the indicator is in the second additional window is displayed as a histogram of red and green colors. Indicator serves in the role of the filter and is based on the oscillator will likely Stochastic, where you can specify the period and modify the overbought and oversold (in this case 30 and 70). These parameters can be optimized for the trader himself.

Also present informer in the upper left corner, but its value is visually understandable, so that it does not accentuate attention.

Signals of Strategy New Science of Forex Trading

In the strategy stipulated a comparison of the trend with a larger timeframe, that is, if we work on the M5, the confirmation of the signal are looking at M15. Analyze signals in accordance with the following scheme:

Time Frame for trade

Signals to open a Long position

To enter a long position should be simultaneously compliance with a number of the following terms:

Moving Average indicator with a period of 6 blue line crosses the Moving Average indicator yellow from the bottom up

Point of DED indicator should be blue

Bar of an indicator histogram TES should be blue

Bar of an indicator histogram TTL colored green

If all conditions were met, go to M15 (if we trade on M5) and look at the histogram indicators TES and TTL, their bars shall be painted blue and green. If the signal is confirmed we open a long position:

Signals to open a Short position

To enter a Short position should be simultaneously compliance with a number of the following terms:

Moving Average indicator with a period of 6 blue line crosses the Moving Average indicator yellow from the top down

Point of DED indicator should be yellow

Bar of an indicator histogram TES should be orange

Bar of an indicator histogram TTL colored red

If all conditions were met, go to H4 (if we trade on H1) and look at the histogram indicators TES and TTL, their bars shall be painted orange and red. If the signal is confirmed we open a Short position:

Stop Loss

Stop Loss set in the classical way - namely, on local minimum and maximum or important support and resistance levels:

Salida

Analyzing video reports author strategies, I saw that the way exit of the position is on the set Take Profit, which is equal to the Stop Loss. But looking at the strategy New Science of Forex Trading on history, I venture to suggest that in this way the author goes out prematurely, and can use alternative way, for example, on the opposite signal.

Few examples of trade from the author's strategy Toshko Raychev you can see in this video:

Administración del dinero

In trading, money management is responsible for the stable growth of your deposit. Strategy New Science of Forex Trading is positioned as a scalping system, therefore it is strongly recommended not to exceed 1% of the risk in one position.

I think the strategy of New Science of Forex Trading has the right to exist. In fact, we have two moving averages and two oscillators that are created, most likely, on the basis of standard indicators. In the strategy provided for a filter to a higher timeframes, it helps not to miss and go against the trend (I'm not talking about the global, but about the mikrotrende, which is present in the moment, sometimes it's just a rollback). Parameters of indicators selected wisely, and all the indicators look at the chart organically. In general, I recommend testing the strategy, it deserves attention. In the archives Forex_Triple_B_Strategy. rar:

Free Download New Science of Forex Trading

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Probably the easiest to comprehend as well as most favored specialized sign is really a moving average, that investors purchased for several years in order to lessen inconsistent short-term cost variances in order to uncover current developments or even circumstances the place where a pattern might be prepared to start or even going to change. The actual near is usually the main one price employed for confirmed time period, however the moving average can also be in line with the open up, higher or even reduced or even a few mixture of cost factors. You will find 3 primary kinds of moving averages.

Haga clic aquí para descargar una nueva herramienta de comercio y estrategia GRATIS

Simple Moving Average simply include the costs for any specific time period as well as separate through the amount of costs for the reason that time period to obtain a typical. Every cost is actually provided the same pounds. Because every brand new cost gets obtainable, the actual earliest cost is actually fallen in the computation. Weighted moving average Excess fat is actually directed at the most recent cost, that is undoubtedly much more essential compared to old costs. If you’re determining the three-day weighted moving average, for instance, the most recent cost may be increased through 3, yesterday’s cost through two and also the earliest cost 3 times back through 1. The sum of the these types of numbers is actually split through the sum of the the actual weighting elements – 6 with this instance. This particular can make the actual weighted moving average much more attentive to present cost modifications.

Exponential Moving Average is actually an additional type of the weighted moving average that provides much more significance in order to the newest costs. Rather than shedding from the earliest costs within the computation, nevertheless, just about all previous costs tend to be factored to the present typical. The present EMA is actually determined through subtracting yesterday’s EMA through the current cost, spreading the end result with a continuous after which including this particular lead to yesterday’s EMA to obtain the current EMA. A good EMA includes just about all previous cost information as well as usually creates the softer collection compared to other styles associated with moving averages, which may be key point within choppy marketplace problems.

Market Information Used:

Series array that contains the highest prices of each bar Series array that contains the lowest prices of each bar Series array that contains open prices of each bar Series array that contains close prices for each bar Series array that contains open time of each bar

Indicator Curves created:

Implements a curve of type DRAW_HISTOGRAM

Custom Indicators Used:

Order Management characteristics:

Forex MT4 Indicators

Basilea

Basel (also Basle ; German. Basel ; French. Bâle ; Italian. Basilea ) is a city in northwestern Switzerland on the river Rhine. Situated at the Swiss-German-French tripoint, the Basel region culturally extends into German Baden-Württemberg and French Alsace. Basel was the seat of a Prince-Bishopric since the 11th century, and joined the Swiss Confederacy in 1501. Basel had been a commercial hub since the Renaissance, and it emerged as a centre for the chemical and pharmaceutical industry in the 20th century.

Basel is Switzerland ‘s third most populous city (behind Zürich and Geneva ) with about 195,000 inhabitants. [ 3 ] Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany. In 2014, the Basel agglomeration was the third largest in Switzerland with a population of 537,100 [ 4 ] in 74 municipalities in Switzerland and an additional 53 in neighboring countries (municipal count as of 2000). [ 5 ] The tri-national Basel metropolitan area has around 830,000 inhabitants in 226 municipalities. [ 6 ]

The official language of Basel is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German. but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

Basel German belongs to the Low Alemannic group, linking it with Alsatian and Swabian dialects more closely than with the other varieties of Swiss German. Basel has been an important cultural centre since the Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment. It has the oldest university of the Swiss Confederation (1460).

Contenido

Historia

Early history

1493 woodcut of the City of Basel, from the Nuremberg Chronicle .

There are settlement traces on the Rhine knee from the early La Tène period (5th century BC). In the 2nd century BC, there was a village of the Raurici at the site of Basel-Gasfabrik . to the northwest of the Old City, likely identical with the town of Arialbinnum mentioned on the Tabula Peutingeriana . [ 7 ] The unfortified settlement was abandoned in the 1st century BC in favour of an Oppidum on the site of Basel Minster. probably in reaction to the Roman invasion of Gaul. In Roman Gaul. Augusta Raurica was established some 20 km from Basel as the regional administrative centre, and a castle was built on the site of the oppidum. The city of Basel eventually grow around the castle.

The name of Basel is derived from the Roman-era toponym Basilia . first recorded in the 3rd century. It is presumably derived from the personal name Basilius. [ 8 ] The Old French form Basle was adopted into English, and developed into the modern French Bâle . The Icelandic name Buslaraborg goes back to the 12th century Leiðarvísir og borgarskipan .

Basel was incorporated into Germania Superior in AD 83. Roman control over the area deteriorated in 3rd century, and Basel became an outpost of the Provincia Maxima Sequanorum formed by Diocletian. The Alamanni attempted to cross the Rhine several times in the 4th century, but were repelled. In a great invasion of AD 406, the Alemanni appear to have crossed the Rhine river a final time, conquering and then settling what is today Alsace and a large part of the Swiss Plateau. From this time, Basel has been an Alemannic settlement. The Duchy of Alemannia fell under Frankish rule in the 6th century, and by the 7th century, the former bishopric of Augusta Raurica was re-established as the Bishopric of Basel. Based on the evidence of a third solidus with the inscription Basilia fit . Basel seems to have minted its own coins in the 7th century. [ 9 ] Under bishop Haito, the first cathedral was built on the site of the Roman castle, later replaced by a Romanesque structure consecrated in 1019. At the partition of the Carolingian Empire, Basel was first given to West Francia. but passed to East Francia with the treaty of Meerssen of 870. The city was plunered and destroyed by a Magyar invasion of 917. The rebuilt city became part of Upper Burgundy. and as such was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in 1032.

Prince-Bishopric of Basel

In 1019, the construction of the cathedral of Basel (known locally as the Münster ) began under German Emperor Heinrich II. [ 12 ] In 1225–1226, the Bridge over the Rhine was constructed by Bishop Heinrich von Thun and lesser Basel (Kleinbasel) founded as a bridgehead to protect the bridge. The bridge was largely funded by Basel’s Jewish community which had settled there a century earlier. [ 13 ] For many centuries to come Basel possessed the only permanent bridge over the river “between Lake Constance and the sea”.

The Bishop also allowed the furriers to found a guild in 1226. Eventually about 15 guilds were established in the 13th century. They increased the town’s, and hence the bishop’s, reputation, influence, and income from the taxes and duties on goods in Basel’s expanding market. [ 13 ]

In 1347, the plague came to Europe but did not reach Basel until June 1349. The guilds, asserting that the Jews were responsible—several had been tortured and confessed—demanded they be executed, which the Council did in January 1349, except for a few who escaped to Alsace. [ 13 ] During the Basel massacre. 600 Jews were murdered. They were shackled inside a wooden barn on an island in the Rhine, which was set afire. The few survivors – young orphans – were forcibly converted to Christianity. The council then forbade Jews in Basel for 200 years, except that their money was helpful in rebuilding after the Basel earthquake of 1356 which destroyed much of the city along with a number of castles in the vicinity. The city offered courts to nobles as an alternative to rebuilding their castles, in exchange for the nobles’ military protection of the city.

In 1412 (or earlier), the well-known guesthouse Zum Goldenen Sternen was established. Basel became the focal point of western Christendom during the 15th century Council of Basel (1431–1449), including the 1439 election of antipope Felix V. In 1459, Pope Pius II endowed the University of Basel where such notables as Erasmus of Rotterdam and Paracelsus later taught. At the same time the new craft of printing was introduced to Basel by apprentices of Johann Gutenberg .

The Schwabe publishing house was founded in 1488 by Johannes Petri and is the oldest publishing house still in business. Johann Froben also operated his printing house in Basel and was notable for publishing works by Erasmus. [ 14 ] In 1495, Basel was incorporated in the Upper Rhenish Imperial Circle ; the Bishop of Basel was added to the Bench of the Ecclesiastical Princes. In 1500 the construction of the Basel Münster was finished. In 1521 so was the bishop. The Council, under the supremacy of the guilds, explained that henceforth they would only give allegiance to the Swiss Confederation, to whom the bishop appealed but in vain. [ 13 ]

As a member state in the Swiss Confederacy

Map of Basel in 1642, engraved by Matthäus Merian. oriented with SW at the top and NE at the bottom.

The city had remained neutral through the Swabian War of 1499 despite being plundered by soldiers on both sides. The Treaty of Basel ended the war and granted the Swiss confederates exemptions from the emperor Maximillian’s taxes and jurisdictions, separating Switzerland de facto from the Holy Roman Empire. [ 15 ]

On 9 June 1501, Basel joined the Swiss Confederation as its eleventh canton. [ 16 ] It was the only canton that had been asked to join, not the other way round. Basel had a strategic location, good relations with Strasbourg and Mulhouse, and control of the corn imports from Alsace, whereas the Swiss lands were becoming overpopulated and had few resources. For its part, Basel secured the military help of the other cantons when threatened, and some protection for its rural subjects outside its walls. A provision of the Charter accepting Basel required that in conflicts among the other cantons it was to stay neutral and offer its services for mediation. [ 17 ] [ 18 ]

In 1503, the new bishop Christoph von Utenheim refused to give Basel a new constitution whereupon, to show its power, the city began the construction of a new city hall. [ 13 ]

In 1529, the city became Protestant under Oecolampadius and the bishop’s seat was moved to Porrentruy. The bishop’s crook was however retained as the city’s coat of arms. For the centuries to come, a handful of wealthy families collectively referred to as the “Daig” played a pivotal role in city affairs as they gradually established themselves as a de facto city aristocracy .

The first edition of Christianae religionis institutio ( Institutes of the Christian Religion – John Calvin ‘s great exposition of Calvinist doctrine) was published at Basel in March 1536. [ 19 ]

In 1544, Johann von Brugge a rich Dutch Protestant refugee was given citizenship and lived respectfully until his death in 1556 then buried with honors. His body was exhumed and burnt at the stake in 1559 after it was discovered that he was the Anabaptist David Joris. [ 13 ]

In 1543, De humani corporis fabrica . the first book on human anatomy, was published and printed in Basel by Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564). [ 20 ]

There are indications Joachim Meyer. author of the influential 16th-century martial arts text Kunst des Fechten (“The Art of Fencing”), came from Basel. In 1662 the Amerbaschsches Kabinett was established in Basel as the first public museum of art. Its collection became the core of the later Basel Museum of Art.

The Bernoulli family, which included important 17th - and 18th-century mathematicians such as Jakob Bernoulli. Johann Bernoulli and Daniel Bernoulli. were from Basel. The 18th-century mathematician Leonhard Euler was born in Basel and studied under Johann Bernoulli.

Modern history

In 1792, the Republic of Rauracia. a revolutionary French client republic. was created. It lasted until 1793. [ 21 ] After three years of political agitation and a short civil war in 1833 the disadvantaged countryside seceded from the Canton of Basel, forming the half canton of Basel-Landschaft. [ 22 ]

On 3 July 1874, Switzerland’s first zoo (the Zoo Basel ) opened its doors in the south of the city towards Binningen .

Second World Zionist Congress in Basel, 1898 (Stadtcasino)

In 1897 the first World Zionist Congress was held in Basel. Altogether the World Zionist Congress took place in Basel for ten times, more than in any other city in the world. [ 23 ]

On 16 November 1938, the psychedelic drug LSD was first synthesized by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at Sandoz Laboratories in Basel.

Basel as a historical, international meeting place

Basel has often been the site of peace negotiations and other international meetings. The Treaty of Basel (1499) ended the Swabian War. Two years later Basel joined the Swiss Confederation. The Peace of Basel in 1795 between the French Republic and Prussia and Spain ended the First Coalition against France during the French Revolutionary Wars. In more recent times, the World Zionist Organization held its first congress in Basel on 3 September 1897. Because of the Balkan Wars. the Second International held an extraordinary congress at Basel in 1912. In 1989, the Basel Convention was opened for signature with the aim of preventing the export of hazardous waste from wealthy to developing nations for disposal.

Geography and climate

Topography

Basel (in the upper left corner) as seen from Bettingen (television tower St. Chrischona) facing France

Basel has an area, as of 2009, of 23.91 square kilometers (9.23 sq mi). Of this area, 0.95 km 2 (0.37 sq mi) or 4.0% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.88 km 2 (0.34 sq mi) or 3.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 20.67 km 2 (7.98 sq mi) or 86.4% is settled (buildings or roads), 1.45 km 2 (0.56 sq mi) or 6.1% is either rivers or lakes. [ 24 ]

Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 10.2% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 40.7% and transportation infrastructure made up 24.0%. Power and water infrastructure as well as other special developed areas made up 2.7% of the area while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 8.9%. Out of the forested land, all of the forested land area is covered with heavy forests. Of the agricultural land, 2.5% is used for growing crops and 1.3% is pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. [ 24 ]

Clima

Basel has an average of 120.4 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 842 mm (33.1 in) of precipitation. The wettest month is May during which time Basel receives an average of 99 mm (3.9 in) of rain. The month with the most days of precipitation is also May, with an average of 12.4 days. The driest month of the year is February with an average of 45 mm (1.8 in) of precipitation over 8.4 days. [ 25 ]

Climate data for Basel/Binningen (1981–2010)

& # 160; & # 160; Volksaktion being fraktionslos (2%)

The parliament, the Grand Council of Basel-Stadt ( Grosser Rat ), consists of 100 seats, with members (called in German: Grossrat/Grossrätin ) elected every 4 years. The sessions of the Grand Council are public. Unlike the member of the Executive Council, the members of the Grand Council are not politicians by profession, but they are paid a fee based on their attendance. Any resident of Basel allowed to vote can be elected as a member of the parliament. The legislative body holds its meetings in the red Town Hall ( Rathaus ).

The last election was held on 28 October 2012 for the mandate period ( Legislatur ) of 2013–2017. Currently, the Grand Council consist of 33 members of the Social Democratic Party (SP). 15 members of the Swiss People’s Party (SVP). 13 Grünes Bündnis (GB) (a collaboration of the Green Party (GPS) and Basels starke Alternative (BastA!)), 13 The Liberals (FDP) (the representative of the Aktive Bettingen is associated to the parliamentary group ( Fraktion ) of the FDP), 10 Liberal-Demokratische Partei (LDP), 9 (8/1) Christian Democratic People’s Party (CVP) /Evangelical People’s Party (EVP). 5 Green Liberal Party (GLP). and 2 members of the Volksaktion without an association to a parliamentary group. [ 28 ]

Federal elections

National Council

On 18 October 2015, in the federal election the most popular party was the Social Democratic Party (SP) which received two seats with 33.5% of the votes. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (17.6%), the Liberal-Demokratische Partei (LDP) (11.5%) and the Green Party (GPS) (11.2%), each with one seat. In the federal election, a total of 57,304 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.4%. [ 29 ]

National Councilors ( Nationalrat/ - rätin ) of Basle-Town [ 30 ]

Council of States

On 18 October 2015, in the federal election State Councilor (German. Ständerätin ) Anita Fetz, member of the Social Democratic Party (SP). was re-elected in the first round as single representative of the canton of Basel-Stadt in the national Council of States (German: Ständerat ) with an absolute majority of 35’842 votes. She has been a member of it since 2003. [ 31 ]

Relaciones Internacionales

Twin towns and sister cities

Basel has two sister cities and a twinning among two states: [ 32 ]

Demografía

Población

Largest groups of foreign residents 2013

% total (foreigners)

Basel has a population (as of April 2015) of 174,793. [ 2 ] As of 2008, 32.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. [ 33 ] Over the last 10 years (1999–2009 ) the population has changed at a rate of -0.3%. It has changed at a rate of 3.2% due to migration and at a rate of -3% due to births and deaths. [ 34 ]

Of the population in the municipality 58,560 or about 35.2% were born in Basel and lived there in 2000. There were 1,396 or 0.8% who were born in the same canton, while 44,874 or 26.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 53,774 or 32.3% were born outside of Switzerland. [ 35 ]

In 2008 there were 898 live births to Swiss citizens and 621 births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 1,732 deaths of Swiss citizens and 175 non-Swiss citizen deaths. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 834 while the foreign population increased by 446. There were 207 Swiss men and 271 Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland. At the same time, there were 1756 non-Swiss men and 1655 non-Swiss women who immigrated from another country to Switzerland. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources, including moves across municipal borders) was an increase of 278 and the non-Swiss population increased by 1138 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.9%. [ 33 ]

As of 2000, there were 70,502 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 70,517 married individuals, 12,435 widows or widowers and 13,104 individuals who are divorced. [ 35 ]

As of 2000 the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.58 per room. [ 34 ] In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m 2 (43 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. [ 36 ] :18v About 10.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage or a rent-to-own agreement). [ 36 ] :17 As of 2000, there were 86,371 private households in the municipality, and an average of 1.8 persons per household. [ 34 ] There were 44,469 households that consist of only one person and 2,842 households with five or more people. Out of a total of 88,646 households that answered this question, 50.2% were households made up of just one person and there were 451 adults who lived with their parents. Of the rest of the households, there are 20,472 married couples without children, 14,554 married couples with children There were 4,318 single parents with a child or children. There were 2,107 households that were made up of unrelated people and 2,275 households that were made up of some sort of institution or another collective housing. [ 35 ]

In 2000 there were 5,747 single family homes (or 30.8% of the total) out of a total of 18,631 inhabited buildings. There were 7,642 multi-family buildings (41.0%), along with 4,093 multi-purpose buildings that were mostly used for housing (22.0%) and 1,149 other use buildings (commercial or industrial) that also had some housing (6.2%). Of the single family homes 1090 were built before 1919, while 65 were built between 1990 and 2000. The greatest number of single family homes (3,474) were built between 1919 and 1945. [ 37 ]

In 2000 there were 96,640 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was 3 rooms of which there were 35,958. There were 11,957 single room apartments and 9,702 apartments with five or more rooms. Of these apartments, a total of 84,675 apartments (87.6% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 7,916 apartments (8.2%) were seasonally occupied and 4,049 apartments (4.2%) were empty. [ 37 ] As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 2.6 new units per 1000 residents. [ 34 ]

As of 2003 the average price to rent an average apartment in Basel was 1118.60 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €720 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 602.27 CHF (US$480, £270, €390), a two-room apartment was about 846.52 CHF (US$680, £380, €540), a three-room apartment was about 1054.14 CHF (US$840, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2185.24 CHF (US$1750, £980, €1400). The average apartment price in Basel was 100.2% of the national average of 1116 CHF. [ 38 ] The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010, was 0.74%. [ 34 ]

Historical population

The historical population is given in the following chart: [ 39 ]

Idioma

Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks German (129,592 or 77.8%), with Italian being second most common (9,049 or 5.4%) and French being third (4,280 or 2.6%). There are 202 people who speak Romansh. [ 35 ]

Religión

From the 2000 census, 41,916 or 25.2% were Roman Catholic. while 39,180 or 23.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4,567 members of an Orthodox church (or about 2.74% of the population), there were 459 individuals (or about 0.28% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church. and there were 3,464 individuals (or about 2.08% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 12,368 individuals (or about 7.43% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 1,325 individuals (or about 0.80% of the population) who were Jewish. however only members of religious institutions are counted as such by the municipality, which makes the actual number of people of Jewish descent living in Basel considerably higher. There were 746 individuals who were Buddhist. 947 individuals who were Hindu and 485 individuals who belonged to another church. 52,321 (or about 31.41% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist. and 8,780 individuals (or about 5.27% of the population) did not answer the question. [ 35 ]

Infraestructura

Cuarteles

Basel is subdivided into 19 quarters ( Quartiere ). The municipalities of Riehen and Bettingen. outside the city limits of Basel, are included in the canton of Basel-Stadt as rural quarters ( Landquartiere ).

Transporte

Basel’s airport is set up for airfreight; heavy goods reach the city and the heart of continental Europe from the North Sea by ship along the Rhine. The main European routes for the highway and railway transport of freight cross in Basel. The outstanding location benefits logistics corporations, which operate globally from Basel. Trading firms are traditionally well represented in the Basel Region.

Puerto

Basel has Switzerland’s only cargo port, through which goods pass along the navigable stretches of the Rhine and connect to ocean-going ships at the port of Rotterdam .

Transporte aéreo

EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg is operated jointly by two countries, France and Switzerland, although the airport is located completely on French soil. The airport itself is split into two architecturally independent sectors, one half serving the French side and the other half serving the Swiss side; prior to Schengen there was a customs point at the middle of the airport so that people could “emigrate” to the other side of the airport.

Vias ferreas

Basel Bahnhof SBB. self-proclaimed “world’s first international railway station.”

Basel has long held an important place as a rail hub. Three railway stations — those of the German, French and Swiss networks — lie within the city (although the Swiss (Basel SBB ) and French (Bâle SNCF ) stations are actually in the same complex, separated by Customs and Immigration facilities). Basel Badischer Bahnhof is on the opposite side of the city. Basel’s local rail services are supplied by the Basel Regional S-Bahn. The largest goods railway complex of the country is located just outside the city, spanning the municipalities of Muttenz and Pratteln. The new highspeed ICE railway line from Karlsruhe to Basel was completed in 2008 while phase I of the TGV Rhin-Rhône line, opened in December 2011, has reduced travel time from Basel to Paris to about 3 hours. [ 41 ]

Roads

Basel is located on the A3 motorway .

Within the city limits, five bridges connect Greater and Lesser Basel (downstream):

Schwarzwaldbrücke (built 1972)

Wettsteinbrücke (current structure built 1998, original bridge built 1879)

Mittlere Rheinbrücke (current structure built 1905, original bridge built 1225 as the first bridge to cross the Rhine River)

Johanniterbrücke (built 1967)

Dreirosenbrücke (built 2004, original bridge built 1935)

Ferries

A somewhat anachronistic yet still widely used system of ferry boats links the two shores. There are four ferries, each situated approximately midway between two bridges. Each is attached by a cable to a block that rides along another cable spanning the river at a height of 20 or 30 metres. To cross the river, the ferryman orients the boat around 45° from the current so that the current pushes the boat across the river. This form of transportation is therefore completely hydraulically driven, requiring no outside energy source. [1]

Transporte público

Basel tram network

Basel has an extensive public transportation network serving the city and connecting to surrounding suburbs, including a large tram network. The green-colored local trams and buses are operated by the Basler Verkehrs-Betriebe (BVB). The yellow-colored buses and trams are operated by the Baselland Transport (BLT), and connect areas in the nearby half-canton of Baselland to central Basel. The BVB also shares commuter bus lines in cooperation with transit authorities in the neighboring Alsace region in France and Baden region in Germany. The Basel Regional S-Bahn. the commuter rail network connecting to suburbs surrounding the city, is jointly operated by SBB. SNCF and DB .

Border crossings

Basel is located at the meeting point of France, Germany and Switzerland; because it is so near other countries and is beyond the Jura Mountains. many within the Swiss military reportedly believe that the city is indefensible during wartime. [ 42 ] It has numerous road and rail crossings between Switzerland and the other two countries. With Switzerland joining the Schengen Area on 12 December 2008, immigration checks were no longer carried out at the crossings. However, Switzerland did not join the European Union Customs Union (though it did join the EU Single Market ) and customs checks are still conducted at or near the crossings.

France-Switzerland (from east to west)

Road crossings (with French road name continuation)

Kohlenstrasse (Avenue de Bâle, Huningue). This crossing replaces the former crossing Hüningerstrasse further east.

Elsässerstrasse (Avenue de Bâle, Saint-Louis)

Autobahn A3 (A35 autoroute. Saint-Louis)

EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg – pedestrian walkway between the French and Swiss sections on Level 3 (departures) of airport.

Burgfelderstrasse (Rue du 1er Mars, Saint Louis)

Railway crossing

Basel SBB railway station

Germany-Switzerland (clockwise, from north to south)

Road crossings (with German road name continuation)

Hiltalingerstrasse (Zollstraße, Weil am Rhein ). Tram 8 goes along this road to Weil am Rhein. The extension opened in 2014; it used to end before the border. [ 43 ]

Autobahn A2 (Autobahn A5. Weil am Rhein )

Freiburgerstrasse (Baslerstraße, Weil am Rhein )

Weilstrasse, Riehen (Haupstraße, Weil am Rhein )

Lörracherstrasse, Riehen (Baslerstraße, Stetten, Lörrach )

Inzlingerstrasse, Riehen (Riehenstraße, Inzlingen )

Grenzacherstrasse (Hörnle, Grenzach-Wyhlen )

Railway crossing

Between Basel SBB and Basel Badischer Bahnhof – Basel Badischer Bahnhof, and all other railway property and stations on the right bank of the Rhine belong to DB and are classed as German customs territory. Immigration and customs checks are conducted at the platform exit tunnel for passengers leaving trains here.

Additionally there are many footpaths and cycle tracks crossing the border between Basel and Germany.

Salud

University Children’s hospital Basel

As the biggest town in the Northwest of Switzerland numerous public and private health centres are located in Basel. Among others the Universitätsspital Basel as well as the Universitätskinderspital Basel. The anthroposophical health institute Klinik-Arlesheim (formerly known as Lukas-Klinik and Ita-Wegman-Klinik) are both located in the Basel area as well. Private health centres include the Bethesda Spital and the Merian Iselin Klinik. Additionally the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute is located in Basel too.

Energy

Basel is at the forefront of a national vision to more than halve energy use in Switzerland by 2050. In order to research, develop and commercialise the technologies and techniques required for the country to become a ‘2000 Watt society ‘, a number of projects have been set up since 2001 in the Basel metropolitan area. These including demonstration buildings constructed to MINERGIE or Passivhaus standards, electricity generation from renewable energy sources, [ 44 ] and vehicles using natural gas. hydrogen and biogas. [ 45 ]

Economy

The city of Basel, located in the heart of the tri-border region (called Dreiländereck ) is one of the most dynamic economic regions of Switzerland.

As of 2014, Basel had an unemployment rate of 4.6%. [ 3 ] As of 2008, there were 18 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 9 businesses involved in this sector. 34,645 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 1,176 businesses in this sector. 120,130 people were employed in the tertiary sector. with 8,908 businesses in this sector. [ 34 ] There were 82,449 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 46.2% of the workforce.

In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 130,988. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 13, of which 10 were in agriculture and 4 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 33,171 of which 24,848 or (74.9%) were in manufacturing, 10 were in mining and 7,313 (22.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 97,804. In the tertiary sector; 12,880 or 13.2% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 11,959 or 12.2% were in the movement and storage of goods, 6,120 or 6.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 4,186 or 4.3% were in the information industry, 10,752 or 11.0% were the insurance or financial industry, 13,695 or 14.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 6,983 or 7.1% were in education and 16,060 or 16.4% were in health care. [ 46 ]

In 2000, there were 121,842 workers who commuted into the municipality and 19,263 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 6.3 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 23.9% of the workforce coming into Basel are coming from outside Switzerland, while 1.0% of the locals commute out of Switzerland for work. [ 47 ] Of the working population, 49.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 18.7% used a private car. [ 34 ]

Roche Tower Basel (highest building in Switzerland)

The Roche Tower, designed by Herzog & de Meuron is 41 floors and 178 metres (584 ft) high, upon its opening in 2015 it has become the tallest building in Switzerland. Basel has also Switzerland’s third tallest building (Basler Messeturm. 105 m (344 ft)) and Switzerland’s tallest tower (St. Chrischona TV tower. 250 m (820 ft).

Chemical industry

Bancario

Banking is extremely important to Basel:

UBS AG maintains central offices in Basel, [ 51 ]

The Bank for International Settlements is located within the city and is the central banker’s bank. The bank is controlled by a board of directors. which is composed of the elite central bankers of 11 different countries (US, UK, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Sweden).

According to the BIS, “The choice of Switzerland for the seat of the BIS was a compromise by those countries that established the BIS: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. When consensus could not be reached on locating the Bank in London, Brussels or Amsterdam, the choice fell on Switzerland. An independent, neutral country, Switzerland offered the BIS less exposure to undue influence from any of the major powers. Within Switzerland, Basel was chosen largely because of its location, with excellent railway connections in all directions, especially important at a time when most international travel was by train.” [ 52 ] Created in May 1930, the BIS is owned by its member central banks. which are private entities. No agent of the Swiss public authorities may enter the premises without the express consent of the bank. [ 53 ] The bank exercises supervision and police power over its premises. The bank enjoys immunity from criminal and administrative jurisdiction, as well as setting recommendations which become standard for the world’s commercial banking system.

Basel is also the location of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. which is distinct from the BIS. It usually meets at the BIS premises in Basel. Responsible for the Basel Accords ( Basel I . Basel II and Basel III ), this organization fundamentally changed Risk Management within its industry.

Air

Medios de comunicación

Trade fairs

An annual Federal Swiss trade fair (Mustermesse) takes place in Kleinbasel on the right bank of the Rhine. Other important trade shows include “BaselWorld ” (watches and jewelry ), Art Basel. Orbit and Cultura.

Educación

In 2000 about 57,864 or (34.7%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education. and 27,603 or (16.6%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule ). Of the 27,603 who completed tertiary schooling, 44.4% were Swiss men, 31.1% were Swiss women, 13.9% were non-Swiss men and 10.6% were non-Swiss women. [ 35 ]

In 2010 11,912 students attended the University of Basel (55% female). 25% were foreign nationals, 16% were from canton of Basel-Stadt. In 2006 6162 students studied at one of the nine academies of the FHNW (51% female). [ 58 ]

As of 2000, there were 5,820 students in Basel who came from another municipality, while 1,116 residents attended schools outside the municipality. [ 47 ]

universidades

Inauguration ceremony of the University of Basel. 1460

In 2007, the ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich) established the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE) in Basel. The creation of the D-BSSE was driven by a Swiss-wide research initiative SystemsX, and was jointly supported by funding from the ETH Zürich, the Swiss Government, the Swiss University Conference (SUC) and private industry. [ 60 ]

Basel also hosts several academies of the Fachhochschule NW (FHNW) . the FHNW Academy of Art and Design, FHNW Academy of Music, and the FHNW School of Business. [ 61 ]

Basel is renowned for various scientific societies, such as the Entomological Society of Basel (Entomologische Gesellschaft Basel, EGB), which celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2005. [ 62 ]

Volksschule

In 2005 16,939 pupils and students visited the Volksschule (the obligatory school time, including Kindergarten (127), primary schools ( Primarschule . 25), and lower secondary schools ( Sekundarschule . 10), [ 63 ] [ 64 ] of which 94% visited public schools and 39.5% were foreign nationals. In 2010 already 51.1% of all pupils spoke another language than German as their first language. In 2009 3.1% of the pupils visited special classes for pupils with particular needs. The average amount of study in primary school in Basel is 816 teaching hours per year. [ 58 ]

Upper secondary school

In 2010 65% of the youth finished their upper secondary education with a vocational training and education, 18% finished their upper secondary education with a Federal Matura at one of the five gymnasiums, 5% completed a Fachmaturität at the FMS . 5% completed a Berufsmaturität synchronosly to their vocational training, and 7% other kind of upper secondary maturity. 14.1% of all students at public gymnasiums were foreign nationals. The Maturity quota in 2010 was on a record high at 28.8% (32.8 female, 24.9% male). [ 58 ]

The Gymnasium Leonhard

Basel has five public gymnasiums ( Gymnasium Bäumlihof . Gymnasium Kirschgarten . Gymnasium am Münsterplatz . Gymnasium Leonhard . Wirtschaftsgymnasium ), each with its own profiles (different focus on major subjects, such as visual design, biology and chemistry, Italian, Spanish, or Latin languages, music, physics and applied mathematics, philosophy/education/psychology, and economics and law) that entitles students with a successful Matura graduation to attend universities. And one Fachmaturitätsschule . the FMS . with six different major subjects (health/nutral sciences, education, social work, design/art, music/theatre/dance, and communication/media) that entitles students with a successful Fachmatura graduation to attend Fachhochschulen . Four different höhere Fachschulen (higher vocational schools such as Bildungszentrum Gesundheit Basel-Stadt (health), Allgemeine Gewerbeschule Basel (trade), Berufsfachschule Basel . Schule für Gestaltung Basel (design)) allows vocational students to improve their knowledge and know-how. [ 65 ]

International schools

As a city with a percentage of foreigners of more than thirty percent and as one of the most important centres in the chemical and pharmaceutical field, Basel counts several International Schools including: Academia International School . École Française de Bâle . Freies Gymnasium Basel (private), Gymnasium am Münsterplatz (public), Schweizerisch-italienische Primarschule Sandro Pertini . and Swiss International School (Basel) . [ 66 ]

Bibliotecas

Basel is home to at least 65 libraries. Some of the largest include; the Universitätsbibliothek Basel (main university library), the special libraries of the University of Basel, the Allgemein Bibliotheken der Gesellschaft für Gutes und Gemeinnütziges (GGG) Basel . the Library of the Pädagogische Hochschule . the Library of the Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit and the Library of the Hochschule für Wirtschaft . There was a combined total (as of 2008) of 8,443,643 books or other media in the libraries, and in the same year a total of 1,722,802 items were loaned out. [ 67 ]

Cultura

Main sights

The red sandstone Münster. one of the foremost late-Romanesque/early Gothic buildings in the Upper Rhine, was badly damaged in the great earthquake of 1356, rebuilt in the 14th and 15th century, extensively reconstructed in the mid-19th century and further restored in the late 20th century. [ 68 ] A memorial to Erasmus lies inside the Münster. The City Hall from the 16th century is located on the Market Square and is decorated with fine murals on the outer walls and on the walls of the inner court.

Tinguely’s Carnival Fountain ( Fasnachtsbrunnen )

Basel is also host to an array of buildings by internationally renowned architects. These include the Beyeler Foundation by Renzo Piano. or the Vitra complex in nearby Weil am Rhein, composed of buildings by architects such as Zaha Hadid (fire station), Frank Gehry (Design Museum ), Álvaro Siza Vieira (factory building) and Tadao Ando (conference centre). Basel also features buildings by Mario Botta (Jean Tinguely Museum and Bank of International settlements) and Herzog & de Meuron (whose architectural practice is in Basel, and who are best known as the architects of Tate Modern in London and the Bird’s Nest in Beijing, the Olympia stadium, which was designed for use throughout the 2008 Summer Olympics and Paralympics). The city received the Wakker Prize in 1996.

Heritage sites

These include the entire Old Town of Basel as well as the following buildings and collections:

Churches and monasteries Old Catholic Prediger Kirche (church), Bischofshof with Collegiate church at Rittergasse 1, Domhof at Münsterplatz 10–12, former Carthusian House of St Margarethental, Catholic Church of St Antonius, Lohnhof (former Augustinians Collegiate Church), Mission 21, Archive of the Evangelisches Missionswerk Basel . Münster of Basle (cathedral), Reformed Elisabethenkirche (church), Reformed Johanneskirche (church), Reformed Leonhardskirche (church, former Augustinians Abbey), Reformed Martinskirche (church), Reformed Pauluskirche (church), Reformed Peterskirche (church), Reformed St. Albankirche (church) with cloister and cemetrery, Reformed Theodorskirche (church), Synagoge at Eulerstrasse 2

Wildt’sches Haus . Petersplatz

Secular buildings Badischer Bahnhof (Geman Baden’s railway station) with fountain, Bank for International Settlements. Blaues Haus (Reichensteinerhof) at Rheinsprung 16, Bruderholzschule (school house) at Fritz-Hauser-Strasse 20, Brunschwiler Haus at Hebelstrasse 15, Bahnhof Basel SBB (Swiss railway station), Bürgerspital (hospital), Café Spitz (Merianflügel) . Coop Schweiz company’s central archive, Depot of the Archäologischen Bodenforschung des Kanton Basel-Stadt . former Gallizian Paper Mill and Swiss Museum of Paper. former Klingental-Kaserne (casern) with Klingentaler Kirche (church), Fasnachtsbrunnen (fountain), Feuerschützenhaus (guild house of the riflemen) at Schützenmattstrasse 56, Fischmarktbrunnen (fountain), Geltenzunft at Marktplatz 13, Gymnasium am Kohlenberg (St Leonhard) (school), Hauptpost (main post office), Haus zum Raben at Aeschenvorstadt 15, Hohenfirstenhof at Rittergasse 19, Holsteinerhof at Hebelstrasse 30, Markgräflerhof a former palace of the margraves of Baden-Durlach , Mittlere Rhein Brücke (Central Rhine Bridge), Stadtcasino (music hall) at Steinenberg 14, Ramsteinerhof at Rittergasse 7 and 9, Rathaus (town hall), Rundhof building of the Schweizerischen Mustermesse . Safranzunft at Gerbergasse 11, Sandgrube at Riehenstrasse 154, Schlösschen (Manor house) Gundeldingen, Schönes Haus and Schöner Hof at Nadelberg 6, Wasgenring school house, Seidenhof with painting of Rudolf von Habsburg, Spalenhof at Spalenberg 12, Spiesshof at Heuberg 7, city walls, Townhouse (former post office) at Stadthausgasse 13 / Totengässlein 6, Weisses Haus at Martinsgasse 3, Wildt’sches Haus at Petersplatz 13, Haus zum Neuen Singer at Speiserstrasse 98, Wolfgottesacker at Münchensteinerstrasse 99, Zerkindenhof at Nadelberg 10. Archaeological sites The Celtic Settlement at Gasfabrik . Münsterhügel and Altstadt (historical city, late La Tène and medieval settlement).

The Art Museum Basel and the new Museum of Contemporary Art (April 2015)

Museums, archives and collections Basel calls itself the Cultural Capital of Switzerland . [ 70 ]

Among others, there is the Anatomical Museum of the University Basel, Berri-Villen and Museum of Ancient Art Basel and Ludwig Collection. Former Franciscan Barefoot Order Church and Basel Historical Museum. Company Archive of Novartis, Haus zum Kirschgarten which is part of the Basel Historical Museum. Historic Archive Roche and Industrial Complex Hoffmann-La Roche, Jewish Museum of Switzerland, Caricature & Cartoon Museum Basel. Karl Barth-Archive, Kleines Klingental (Lower Klingen Valley) with Museum Klingental, Art Museum of Basel. hosting the world’s oldest art collection accessible to the public, Natural History Museum of Basel and the Museum of Cultures Basel. Museum of Modern Art Basel with the E. Hoffmann collection, Museum Jean Tinguely Basel, Music Museum, Pharmacy Historical Museum of the University of Basel, Poster Collection of the School for Design ( Schule für Gestaltung ), Swiss Business Archives, Sculpture Hall, Sports Museum of Switzerland, Archives of the Canton of Basel-Stadt, UBS AG Corporate Archives, University Library with manuscripts and music collection, Zoological Garden ( Zoologischer Garten ). [ 71 ]

The Academy of Music of Basel – (Vorderer Rosengarten)

Theatre and Music

Basel is the home of the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis. founded in 1933, a worldwide centre for research on and performance of music from the Medieval through the Baroque eras. Theater Basel. chosen in 1999 as the best stage for German-language performances and in 2009 and 2010 as “Opera of the Year” by German Opera Magazine “Opernwelt”, [ 72 ] presents a busy schedule of plays in addition to being home to the city’s opera and ballet companies. Basel is home to the largest orchestra in Switzerland, the Sinfonieorchester Basel. It is also the home of the Kammerorchester Basel. which is recording the complete symphonies of Ludwig van Beethoven for the Sony label led by its music director Giovanni Antonini. The Schola Cantorum and the Basler Kammerorchester were both founded by the conductor Paul Sacher who went on to commission works by many leading composers. The Paul Sacher Foundation, opened in 1986, houses a major collection of manuscripts, including the entire Igor Stravinsky archive. The baroque orchestras La Cetra and Capriccio Basel are also based in Basel. In May 2004, the fifth European Festival of Youth Choirs (Europäisches Jugendchorfestival, or EJCF) choir festival opened: this Basel tradition started in 1992. Host of this festival is the local Basel Boys Choir .

In 1997, Basel contended to become the “European Capital of Culture “, though the honor went instead to Thessaloniki .

Museos

The Basel museums cover a broad and diverse spectrum of collections with a marked concentration in the fine arts. They house numerous holdings of international significance. The over three dozen institutions yield an extraordinarily high density of museums compared to other cities of similar size and draw over one million visitors annually. [ 71 ]

Constituting an essential component of Basel culture and cultural policy, the museums are the result of closely interwoven private and public collecting activities and promotion of arts and culture going back to the 16th century. The public museum collection was first created back in 1661 and represents the oldest public collection in continuous existence. Since the late 1980s, various private collections have been made accessible to the public in new purpose-built structures that have been recognized as acclaimed examples of avant-garde museum architecture .

The Beyeler Foundation by Renzo Piano. located in Riehen

Eventos

The city of Basel is a centre for numerous fairs and events all year round. One of the most important fairs for contemporary art worldwide is the Art Basel which was founded in 1970 by Ernst Beyeler and takes place in June each year. Baselworld. the watch and jewellery show ( Uhren - und Schmuckmesse ) one of the biggest fairs of its kind in Europe is held every year as well, and attracts a great number of tourists and dealers to the city. The carnival of the city of Basel ( Basler Fasnacht ) is a major cultural event in the year. The carnival is the biggest in Switzerland and attracts large crowds every year, despite the fact that it starts at exactly four in the morning ( Morgestraich ) on a winter Monday. The Fasnacht asserts Basel’s Protestant history by commencing the revelry five days after Ash Wednesday and continuing day and night for exactly 72 hours. Almost all study and work in the old city cease. Dozens of fife and drum clubs parade in medieval guild tradition with fantastical masks and illuminated lanterns, eventually yielding to other loud and irreverent festivity. Basel is also host to the Basel Tattoo and a number of fairs.

Cocina

There are a number of culinary specialties originating in Basel, including Basler Läckerli cookies and Mässmogge candies. Being located in the meeting place between Switzerland, France and Germany the culinary landscape as a whole is very varied and diverse, making it a city with a great number of restaurants of all sorts.

Zoo

Zoo Basel is, with over 1.7 million visitors per year, [ 92 ] the most visited tourist attraction in Basel and the second most visited tourist attraction in Switzerland. [ 93 ]

Established in 1874, Zoo Basel is the oldest zoo in Switzerland and, by number of animals, the largest. Through its history, Zoo Basel has had several breeding successes, such as the first worldwide Indian rhinoceros birth [ 94 ] and Greater flamingo hatch [ 95 ] in a zoo. These and other achievements led Forbes Travel to rank Zoo Basel as one of the fifteen best zoos in the world in 2008. [ 96 ]

Despite its international fame, Basel’s population remains attached to Zoo Basel, which is entirely surrounded by the city of Basel. Evidence of this is the millions of donations money each year, as well as Zoo Basel’s unofficial name: locals lovingly call “their” zoo “ Zolli ” by which is it known throughout Basel and most of Switzerland.

Deporte

Basel has a reputation in Switzerland as a successful sporting city. The football club FC Basel continues to be successful and in recognition of this the city was one of the Swiss venues for the 2008 European Championships. as well as Geneva. Zürich and Bern. The championships were jointly hosted by Switzerland and Austria. BSC Old Boys and Concordia Basel are the other football teams in Basel.

Among the most popular sports in Switzerland is Ice hockey. [ 97 ] Basel is home to the EHC Basel which plays in the Swiss Premier League. the third tier of the Swiss ice hockey league system. They play their home games in the 6,700-seat St. Jakob Arena. The team previously played in the NLA and the NLB. but they had to fill a bankruptcy case after the 2013-14 NLB season .

Basel features a large football stadium that has been awarded four stars by UEFA. a modern ice hockey hall, and an admitted sports hall.

A large indoor tennis event takes place in Basel every October. Some of the best ATP - Professionals play every year at the Swiss Indoors. including Switzerland’s biggest sporting hero and frequent participant Roger Federer. a Basel native who describes the city as “one of the most beautiful cities in the world”.

The annual Basel Rhine Swim draws several thousand visitors to the city to swim in or float on the Rhine river. [ 98 ]

Picture gallery

Please add alphabetically by surname, and add only people with an obvious notable relation to Basel (residence only is not notable)

Sibel Arslan (1980), Swiss-Turkish politician and lawyer, National Councilor for Basel-Stadt since 2015, born and grew up in Basel.

Werner Arber (1929), Swiss microbiologist and geneticist, and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (University of Basel, 1978).

Chiara Banchini (1946), Swiss violinist, conductor, and emeritus professor at Schola Cantorum Basiliensis.

Karl Barth (1886–1968), Swiss Reformed Protestant theologian.

Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624), Swiss botanist and rector and dean of Univeristy of Basel.

Rudolf Bernhard (1901–1962), Swiss actor, comedian, radio personality, stage and film actor, born and grew up in Basel.

Bernoulli family

Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782), Swiss mathematician.

James Bernoulli (1654–1705), Swiss mathematician.

Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748), Swiss mathematician.

Emil Beurmann (1862-1951), Swiss writer and poet and painter from Basel.

Peter Birkhäuser (1911–1976), Swiss painter.

Arnold Böcklin (1827–1901), Swiss painter

Markus Brüderlin (1958–2014), Swiss art historian, curator, writer and director of the Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg.

Gottlieb Burckhardt (1836–1907), Swiss psychiatrist, father of modern psychosurgery .

Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897), Swiss historian, theologian, philosopher.

Adolf Busch (1933–1939), German violinist

John Calvin (1509–1564), French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.

Simone Chapuis-Bischof (March 16, 1931), Swiss suffragette .

Alexander Clavel-Oswald (1805-1873), Swiss chemist, pioneer of fuchsine and silk dying.

Arthur Cohn (1927), Swiss film producer.

Jean Daetwyler (1907–1994), Swiss alphorn composer and musician.

Alice Eckenstein (1890–1984), Swiss child rescuer in occupied Belgium during WW I.

Erasmus (c. 1466–1536), Dutch Biblical scholar, humanist, theologian.

Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), Swiss mathematician.

Roger Federer (1981), Swiss tennis player, born in Binnigen (BL).

Anita Fetz, Federal Sate Councilor for Basel-Stadt since 2003 and member of the Swiss Social Democratic Party.

John Foxe (1517–1587), English Protestant and Marian exile.

Alexander Frei (1979), former footballer, born and grew up in Münchenstein.

Urs Graf (1485–possibly before 1528), Swiss Renaissance print-maker and artist.

Georg Friedrich Haas (1953), Austrian composer.

Gianna Hablützel-Bürki (1969), Swiss épée fencer and Olympic silver medalist (Sidney 2000).

Jakob Emanuel Handmann (1718–1781), Swiss painter.

Johann Peter Hebel (1760–1826), German poet and author.

Jacques Herzog (1950), Swiss architect, co-founder of the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron .

Hermann Hesse (1877–1962), German-Swiss writer and philosopher.

Albert Hofmann (1906–2008), Swiss chemist, discoverer of LSD.

Hans Holbein the Younger (c. 1497–1543) German painter and printmaker of the Renaissance.

Karl Jaspers (1948–1969), German-Swiss philosopher and psychiatrist.

Zoë Jenny (1974), Swiss writer from Basel.

Niels Kai Jerne (1911–1994), Danish immunologist andLaureates of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Carl Gustav Jung (1875–1961), Swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology.

César Keiser (1925–2007), Swiss cabarettist, comedian, radio personality, and stage and film actor.

Lojze Kovačič (1928–2004), Slovene writer.

Jürg Laederach (1945), Swiss writer from Basel.

Dani Levy (1957), Swiss film maker, theatrical director and actor.

Bruno Manser (1954, missing since 2000 in Malaysia), Swiss environmental activist.

Lucius Munatius Plancus (c. 87BC–c. 15BC), Basel’s founder.

Christian von Mechel (1737-1817), Swiss engraver, publisher, art dealer.

Merian family

Matthäus Merian 1593–1650, Swiss-born engraver and publisher.

Christoph Merian (1800–1858), Swiss banker and businessman.

Pierre de Meuron (1950), Swiss architect, co-founder of the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron .

Joachim Meyer (c. 1537–1571), fencer and author.

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher.

Žarko Dolinar (1920–2003), Croatian scientist and table tennis player

Meret Oppenheim (1913-1985), German-Swiss artist and photographer

Paracelsus (1493–1541), scientist.

Tadeusz Reichstein (1897–1966), Polish-born chemist, naturalized Swiss and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate (1950).

Alfred Rasser (1907–1977), Swiss comedian, radio personality, and stage and film actor.

Ricco (1915–1972), Swiss painter.

Thurneysser zum Thurn, Leonhart (1531–1596), alchemist, born in Basel.

Dieter Roth (1930–1998), Swiss-German artist.

Trudi Roth (1930), Swiss actress, born in Basel.

Paul Sacher (1906–1999), Swiss conductor, patron and impresario, founder of the Basler Kammerorchester.

Rudolf Serkin (1933–1939), Bohemian-born pianist.

Martin Schenkel (1968–2003), Swiss actor and musician.

Christian Friedrich Schönbein (1799–1868), German-Swiss chemist, invented the fuel cell and discovered of guncotton and ozone, honorary citizen of Basel.

Frithjof Schuon (1907–1998), German-Swiss religious philosopher.

Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925), Austrian philosopher, author, social reformer, architect and esotericist.

Carl Spitteler (1845–1924), Swiss poet and Nobel Prize for Literature laureate (1919).

Andreas Vesalius (1446), pioneering anatomist from Brussels.

Franz Weber (1927), Swiss environmentalist and animal welfare activist from Basel.

Urs Widmer (1938–2014), Swiss writer from Basel.

Murat Yakin (1974), former Swiss-Turkish footballer, born and grew up in Münchenstein.

Krystian Zimerman (1956), Polish classical pianist.

Peter Zumthor (1943), Swiss architect.

Notes and references

Notas

Referencias

Bibliografía

Basel (City) in German. French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland .

“Willkommen in der Basler Zahlenwelt”. Statistisches Amt (official site) (in German) (Statistisches Amt, Präsidialdepartement des Kantons Basel-Stadt). retrieved 2015-09-02

Gossman, Lionel (2000), Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas . Chicago, US: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-30498-1 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ], archived from the original on 28 September 2015. retrieved 2015-09-02

Gossman, Lionel (1983), Orpheus Philologus: Bachofen versus Mommsen on the Study of Antiquity . American Philosophical Society, ISBN 1-4223-7467-X [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]. retrieved 2015-09-02 – via Wordpress

Kearney, Shirley; Brodhage, Klaus; Ziegler, Cornelia; Warhol, Andy, eds. (2005), Basel: A Cultural Experience . Basel, Switzerland: Spalentor Verlag, ISBN 978-3-908142-23-2 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ]

Wood, Susan (2006), The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West . Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198206976 [Amazon-US | Amazon-UK ] – via google books

enlaces externos

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Dieter Egli - Harvard University

Among women who carry pathogenic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) point mutations and healthy oocyte donors, what are the levels of support for developing oocyte mitochondrial replacement therapy (OMRT) to prevent transmission of mtDNA mutations? The majority of mtDNA carriers and oocyte donors support the development of OMRT techniques to prevent transmission of mtDNA diseases. Point mutations of mtDNA cause a variety of maternally inherited human diseases that are frequently disabling and often fatal. Recent developments in (OMRT) as well as pronuclear transfer between embryos offer new potential options to prevent transmission of mtDNA disease. Lee mas

However, it is unclear whether the non-scientific community will approve of embryos that contain DNA from three people. Between 1 June 2012 through 12 February 2015, we administered surveys in cross-sectional studies of 92 female carriers of mtDNA point mutations and 112 healthy oocyte donors. The OMRT carrier survey was completed by 92 female carriers of an mtDNA point mutation. Carriers were recruited through the North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC), the United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation (UMDF), patient support groups, research and private patients followed at the Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC) and patients' referrals of maternal relatives. The OMRT donor survey was completed by 112 women who had donated oocytes through a major in vitro fertilization clinic. All carriers surveyed were aware that they could transmit the mutation to their offspring, with 78% (35/45) of women, who were of childbearing age, indicating that the risk was sufficient to consider not having children, and 95% (87/92) of all carriers designating that the development of this technique was important and worthwhile. Of the 21 surveyed female carriers considering childbearing, 20 (95%) considered having their own biological offspring somewhat or very important and 16 of the 21 respondents (76%) were willing to donate oocytes for research and development. Of 112 healthy oocyte donors who completed the OMRT donor survey, 97 (87%) indicated that they would donate oocytes for generating a viable embryo through OMRT. Many of the participants were either patients or relatives of patients who were already enrolled in a research-oriented database, or who sought care in a tertiary research university setting, indicating a potential sampling bias. The survey was administered to a select group of individuals, who carry, or are at risk for carrying, mtDNA point mutations. These individuals are more likely to have been affected by the mutation or have witnessed first-hand the devastating effects of these mutations. It has not been established whether the general public would be supportive of this work. This survey did not explicitly address alternatives to OMRT. This is the first study indicating a high level of interest in the development of these methods among women affected by the diseases or who are at risk of carrying mtDNA mutations as well as willingness of most donors to provide oocytes for the development of OMRT. This work was conducted under the auspices of the NAMDC (Study Protocol 7404). NAMDC (U54NS078059) is part of the NCATS Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network (RDCRN). RDCRN is an initiative of the Office of Rare Diseases Research (ORDR) and NCATS. NAMDC is funded through a collaboration between NCATS, NINDS, NICHD and NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. The work was also supported by the Bernard and Anne Spitzer Fund and the New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF). Dr Hirano has received research support from Santhera Pharmaceuticals and Edison Pharmaceuticals for studies unrelated to this work. None of the other authors have conflicts of interest. Not applicable.

Nature 2016 Mar 16. Epub 2016 Mar 16.

The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.

Diploidy is a fundamental genetic feature in mammals, in which haploid cells normally arise only as post-meiotic germ cells that serve to ensure a diploid genome upon fertilization. Gamete manipulation has yielded haploid embryonic stem (ES) cells from several mammalian species, but haploid human ES cells have yet to be reported. Here we generated and analysed a collection of human parthenogenetic ES cell lines originating from haploid oocytes, leading to the successful isolation and maintenance of human ES cell lines with a normal haploid karyotype. Lee mas

Haploid human ES cells exhibited typical pluripotent stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal capacity and a pluripotency-specific molecular signature. Moreover, we demonstrated the utility of these cells as a platform for loss-of-function genetic screening. Although haploid human ES cells resembled their diploid counterparts, they also displayed distinct properties including differential regulation of X chromosome inactivation and of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, alongside reduction in absolute gene expression levels and cell size. Surprisingly, we found that a haploid human genome is compatible not only with the undifferentiated pluripotent state, but also with differentiated somatic fates representing all three embryonic germ layers both in vitro and in vivo, despite a persistent dosage imbalance between the autosomes and X chromosome. We expect that haploid human ES cells will provide novel means for studying human functional genomics and development.

Hum Reprod 2016 Feb 29;31(2):312-23. Epub 2015 Nov 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University of Physicians and Surgeons, 1150 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA de2220@cumc. columbia. edu.

What is the prevalence and developmental significance of morphologic nuclear abnormalities in human preimplantation embryos? Nuclear abnormalities are commonly found in human IVF embryos and are associated with DNA damage, aneuploidy, and decreased developmental potential. Early human embryonic development is complicated by genomic errors that occur after fertilization. The appearance of extra-nuclear DNA, which has been observed in IVF, may be a result of such errors. Lee mas

However, the mechanism by which abnormal nuclei form and the impact on DNA integrity and embryonic development is not understood. Cryopreserved human cleavage-stage embryos (n = 150) and cryopreserved blastocysts (n = 105) from clinical IVF cycles performed between 1997 and 2008 were donated for research. Fresh embryos (n = 60) of poor quality that were slated for discard were also used. Immunohistochemical, microscopic and cytogenetic analyses at different developmental stages and morphologic grades were performed. Embryos were fixed and stained for DNA, centromeres, mitotic activity and DNA damage and imaged using confocal microscopy. Rates of abnormal nuclear formation were compared between morphologically normal cleavage-stage embryos, morphologically normal blastocysts, and poor quality embryos. To control for clinical and IVF history of oocytes donors, and quality of frozen embryos within our sample, cleavage-stage embryos (n = 52) were thawed and fixed at different stages of development and then analyzed microscopically. Cleavage-stage embryos (n = 9) were thawed and all blastomeres (n = 62) were disaggregated, imaged and analyzed for karyotype. Correlations were made between microscopic and cytogenetic findings of individual blastomeres and whole embryos. The frequency of microscopic nuclear abnormalities was lower in blastocysts (5%; 177/3737 cells) than in cleavage-stage embryos (16%, 103/640 blastomeres, P or=0.5 mM) copper levels, as well as the ability of DmATP7, the Drosophila homolog of Wilson/Menkes disease copper exporters, to counteract copper toxicity. Regulated import, storage, export, and avoidance of high-copper food establish an adequate copper homeostasis under variable environmental conditions.

J Vis Exp 2006 Dec 30(1):116. Epub 2006 Nov 30.

Dept of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, USA. degli@mcb. harvard. edu

Nuclear transfer into an unfertilized oocyte can restore developmental potential to a differentiated cell. This demonstrates that the processes underlying development, differentiation and aging are epigenetic rather than genetic processes. The reversibility of these processes opens exciting perspectives in basic research, and in the more distant future, in regenerative medicine. Lee mas

In the mouse, embryonic stem cells can be derived from cloned preimplantation stage embryos. Such embryonic stem cells have the ability to give rise to all cell types of the adult organism. Importantly, these cells are genetically identical to the donor. If applicable to human, this would allow the derivation of stem cells from a patient. These cells could then be differentiated into the affected cell type of the patient and studied in vitro, or used to replace the damaged or missing cells. The study of nuclear transfer in the mouse remains important as it can inform us about the principles of nuclear reprogramming. This movie and the accompanying protocol are intended to help learning nuclear transfer in the mouse, a method initially developed in the group of Prof. Yanagimachi (WAKAYAMA et al. 1998).

Nucleic Acids Res.

Nucleic Acids Res 2006 14;34(17):4866-77. Epub 2006 Sep 14.

Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.

All organisms are confronted with external variations in trace element abundance. To elucidate the mechanisms that maintain metal homeostasis and protect against heavy metal stress, we have determined the transcriptome responses in Drosophila to sublethal doses of cadmium, zinc, copper, as well as to copper depletion. Furthermore, we analyzed the transcriptome of a metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF-1) null mutant. Lee mas

The gene family encoding metallothioneins, and the ABC transporter CG10505 that encodes a homolog of 'yeast cadmium factor' were induced by all three metals. Zinc and cadmium responses have similar features: genes upregulated by both metals include those for glutathione S-transferases GstD2 and GstD5, and for zinc transporter-like proteins designated ZnT35C and ZnT63C. Several of the metal-induced genes that emerged in our study are regulated by the transcription factor MTF-1. mRNA studies in MTF-1 overexpressing or null mutant flies and in silico search for metal response elements (binding sites for MTF-1) confirmed novel MTF-1 regulated genes such as ferritins, the ABC transporter CG10505 and the zinc transporter ZnT35C. The latter was analyzed in most detail; biochemical and genetic approaches, including targeted mutation, indicate that ZnT35C is involved in cellular and organismal zinc efflux and plays a major role in zinc detoxification.

Genes Cells 2006 Jun;11(6):647-58

Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

Four metallothionein genes are present in the Drosophila melanogaster genome, designated MtnA, MtnB, MtnC, MtnD, all of which are transcriptionally induced by heavy metals through the same metal-responsive transcription factor, MTF-1. Here we show, by targeted mutagenesis, that the four metallothionein genes exhibit distinct, yet overlapping, roles in heavy metal homeostasis and toxicity prevention. Among the individual metallothionein mutants, the most prominent distinction between them was that MtnA-defective flies were the most sensitive to copper load, while MtnB-defective flies were the most sensitive to cadmium. Lee mas

Using various reporter gene constructs and mRNA quantification, we show that the MtnA promoter is preferentially induced by copper, while the MtnB promoter is preferentially induced by cadmium. Such a metal preference is also observed at the protein level as the stoichiometric, spectrometric and spectroscopic features of the copper and cadmium complexes with MtnA and MtnB correlate well with a greater stability of copper-MtnA and cadmium-MtnB. Finally, MtnC and MtnD, both of which are very similar to MtnB, display lower copper and cadmium binding capabilities compared to either MtnA or MtnB. In accordance with these binding studies, Drosophila mutants of MtnC or MtnD have a near wild type level of resistance against copper or cadmium load. Furthermore, eye-specific over-expression of MtnA and MtnB, but not of MtnC or MtnD, can rescue a "rough eye" phenotype caused by copper load in the eye. Taken together, while the exact roles of MtnC and MtnD remain to be determined, the preferential protection against copper and cadmium toxicity by MtnA and MtnB, respectively, are the result of a combination of promoter preference and metal binding.

Mol Cell Biol 2006 Mar;26(6):2286-96

IMB Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Metallothioneins are ubiquitous, small, cysteine-rich proteins with the ability to bind heavy metals. In spite of their biochemical characterization, their in vivo function remains elusive. Here, we report the generation of a metallothionein gene family knockout in Drosophila melanogaster by targeted disruption of all four genes (MtnA to - D). Lee mas

These flies are viable if raised in standard laboratory food. During development, however, they are highly sensitive to copper, cadmium, and (to a lesser extent) zinc load. Metallothionein expression is particularly important for male viability; while copper load during development affects males and females equally, adult males lacking metallothioneins display a severely reduced life span, possibly due to copper-mediated oxidative stress. Using various reporter gene constructs, we find that different metallothioneins are expressed with virtually the same tissue specificity in larvae, notably in the intestinal tract at sites of metal accumulation, including the midgut's "copper cells." The same expression pattern is observed with a synthetic minipromoter consisting only of four tandem metal response elements. From these and other experiments, we conclude that tissue specificity of metallothionein expression is a consequence, rather than a cause, of metal distribution in the organism. The bright orange luminescence of copper accumulated in copper cells of the midgut is severely reduced in the metallothionein gene family knockout, as well as in mutants of metal-responsive transcription factor 1 (MTF-1), the main regulator of metallothionein expression. This indicates that an in vivo metallothionein-copper complex forms the basis of this luminescence. Strikingly, metallothionein mutants show an increased, MTF-1-dependent induction of metallothionein promoters in response to copper, cadmium, silver, zinc, and mercury. We conclude that free metal, but not metallothionein-bound metal, triggers the activation of MTF-1 and that metallothioneins regulate their own expression by a negative feedback loop.

Genes Dev 2005 Apr;19(8):891-6

Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

From insects to mammals, metallothionein genes are induced in response to heavy metal load by the transcription factor MTF-1, which binds to short DNA sequence motifs, termed metal response elements (MREs). Here we describe a novel and seemingly paradoxical role for MTF-1 in Drosophila in that it also mediates transcriptional activation of Ctr1B, a copper importer, upon copper depletion. Activation depends on the same type of MRE motifs in the upstream region of the Ctr1B gene as are normally required for metal induction. Lee mas

Thus, a single transcription factor, MTF-1, plays a direct role in both copper detoxification and acquisition by inducing the expression of metallothioneins and of a copper importer, respectively.

Genome Res 2004 Jul 14;14(7):1382-93. Epub 2004 Jun 14.

Institut für Molekularbiologie, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Homologous recombination (HR) is an indispensable tool to modify the genome of yeast and mammals. More recently HR is also being used for gene targeting in Drosophila. Here we show that HR can be used efficiently to engineer chromosomal rearrangements such as pericentric and paracentric inversions and translocations in Drosophila. Lee mas

Two chromosomal double-strand breaks (DSBs), introduced by the rare-cutting I-SceI endonuclease on two different mobile elements sharing homologous sequences, are sufficient to promote rearrangements at a frequency of 1% to 4%. Such rearrangements, once generated by HR, can be reverted by Cre recombinase. However, Cre-mediated recombination efficiency drops with increasing distance between recombination sites, unlike HR. We therefore speculate that physical constraints on chromosomal movement are modulated during DSB repair, to facilitate the homology search throughout the genome.

Biol Chem 2004 Jul;385(7):597-603

Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

The zinc finger transcription factor MTF-1 (metal-responsive transcription factor-1) is conserved from insects to vertebrates. Its major role in both organisms is to control the transcription of genes involved in the homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+. In mammals, MTF-1 serves at least two additional roles. Lee mas

First, targeted disruption of the MTF-1 gene results in death at embryonic day 14 due to liver degeneration, revealing a stage-specific developmental role. Second, under hypoxic-anoxic stress, MTF-1 helps to activate the transcription of the gene placental growth factor (PIGF), an angiogenic protein. Recently we characterized dMTF-1, the Drosophila homolog of mammalian MTF-1. Here we present a series of studies to compare the metal response in mammals and insects, which reveal common features but also differences. A human MTF-1 transgene can restore to a large extent metal tolerance to flies lacking their own MTF-1 gene, both at low and high copper concentrations. Likewise, Drosophila MTF-1 can substitute for human MTF-1 in mammalian cell culture, although both the basal and the metal-induced transcript levels are lower. Finally, a clear difference was revealed in the response to mercury, a highly toxic heavy metal: metallothionein-type promoters respond poorly, if at all, to Hg2+ in mammalian cells but strongly in Drosophila, and this response is completely dependent on dMTF-1.

Mol Cell Biol 2004 Jun;24(11):4710-9

Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Winterthurstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a genomic instability disorder characterized by cancer susceptibility. The protein defective in BS, BLM, belongs to the RecQ family of DNA helicases. In this study, we found that BLM interacts with hp150, the largest subunit of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1), in vitro and in vivo. Lee mas

Colocalization of a proportion of the cellular complement of these two proteins is found at specific nuclear foci coinciding with sites of DNA synthesis in the S phase. This colocalization increases in the presence of agents that damage DNA or inhibit DNA replication. In support of a functional interaction between BLM and CAF-1, we show that BLM inhibits CAF-1-mediated chromatin assembly during DNA repair in vitro. Although CAF-1 activity is not altered in BLM-deficient cells, the absence of BLM does impair the ability of CAF-1 to be mobilized within the nucleus in response to hydroxyurea treatment. Our results provide the first link between BLM and chromatin assembly coupled to DNA repair and suggest that BLM and CAF-1 function in a coordinated way to promote survival in response to DNA damage and/or replication blockade.

EMBO J 2003 Jan;22(1):100-8

Institut für Molekularbiologie and Zoologisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland.

'Metal-responsive transcription factor-1' (MTF-1), a zinc finger protein, is conserved from mammals to insects. In the mouse, it activates metallothionein genes and other target genes in response to several cell stress conditions, notably heavy metal load. The knockout of MTF-1 in the mouse has an embryonic lethal phenotype accompanied by liver degeneration. Lee mas

Here we describe the targeted disruption of the MTF-1 gene in Drosophila by homologous recombination. Unlike the situation in the mouse, knockout of MTF-1 in Drosophila is not lethal. Flies survive well under laboratory conditions but are sensitive to elevated concentrations of copper, cadmium and zinc. Basal and metal-induced expression of Drosophila metallothionein genes MtnA (Mtn) and MtnB (Mto), and of two new metallothionein genes described here, MtnC and MtnD, is abolished in MTF-1 mutants. Unexpectedly, MTF-1 mutant larvae are sensitive not only to copper load but also to copper depletion. In MTF-1 mutants, copper depletion prevents metamorphosis and dramatically extends larval development/lifespan from normally 4-5 days to as many as 32 days, possibly reflecting the effects of impaired oxygen metabolism. These findings expand the roles of MTF-1 in the control of heavy metal homeostasis.

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Home > All Topics > MTF MARSI – Multi Time Frame MA-RSI MT4 Indicator

MTF MARSI – Multi Time Frame MA-RSI MT4 Indicator

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Irish universities offer a range of options for those wishing to take postgraduate courses through Irish. New employment opportunities have emerged in recent years for graduates with skills in the language, especially since the introduction of the Official Languages Act 2003 and the recognition of Irish as an official working language in the European Union. Students seeking to.

Swedish authorities have been forced to admit that poor school performance and mass migration are directly linked. The declining level of the Scandinavian country’s schooling system and the huge influx of migrants are directly correlated according to the shocking report. The education authority made a statement Monday saying there is up to an 85 per cent waste of resources in.

Shiv Nadar University (SNU)places a lot of emphasis on research and encourages its undergraduate students to engage in research work. University chancellor S. N. Balakrishnan talks about the university and the research-centric courses it offers. Why do you consider research an intrinsic part of undergraduate education? Research is creation of knowledge which leads to new and.

(Source: HEFCE - Higher Education Funding Council for England ) This release, the first of a series of updates for 2015-16, features data on undergraduate education, postgraduate education and the HE workforce. The key facts highlighted include: Numbers of full-time UK and other European Union (EU) undergraduate entrants increased by 4 per cent in 2015-16, to a total of around.

(Source: Nanyang Technological University ) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is revamping the University Scholars Programme to feature more international exposure for students. Starting from the incoming batch this August, students in this programme will get to spend a fully-sponsored semester at the University of Pennsylvania or Bryn Mawr College in the United States, or.

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published: 01 Nov 2015

Illuminati Conspiracy - Is The US Government Illuminati? Proof, Plans & Evidence 2015

In this end of the world video, you are going to witness Illuminati conspiracy and the answer for the most important conspiracy question \"Is the US Government Illuminati?\". We have provided solid proof and evidence in this illuminati video that the US government is the one who are funding gang wars, etc. since they are corrupted and they are being controlled by the Illuminati. All the food we intake these days are hazardious because the US government has made it so as per the Illuminati\'s order. The new world order of illuminati is killing all the people who oppose them and keep the rest as slaves. In this video, you will also know the Illuminati plans for 2015, 2016 and 2017. They are planning to kill a billion people with the help of US government. Want to watch more End of the world, Illuminati, asteroid impact, bible prophecy videos? Subscribe to our channel today: https://www. youtube. com/channel/UCRiKhQNc2QeEq7Z4FvK0s5g If you would like to discuss about End of world prophecies, Bible Prophecies, the return of Jesus Christ, the rise of Satan or Anti-Christ, then speak with like-minded people in our Facebook Page: https://www. facebook. com/End-Of-The-World-1045321645491539 Watch End Of The World Predictions: Asteroid Impact Simulation - https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Iawc66tW1-E Watch End Of The World - Imminent Asteroid Impact In Atlantic September 2015: https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=QwO_IhiQS3o Watch 4 Blood Moons Prophecy: Blood Moon Tetrad Special Program - https://www. youtube. com/watch? v=hnOojHMshJk Watch Nibiru Planet X - Real Nibiru Evidence 2015 Upda.

Illuminati Conspiracy - Is The US Government Illuminati? Proof, Plans & Evidence 2015

published: 01 Nov 2015

5 Guns The Government Doesn't Want You To Have.

Okay so I will be honest here. Is this one a little far fetched? No. they don\'t want us having anything more than a sharp stick. I\'m glad that you guys enjoy the 5 guns videos. We have many more planned. Some of them are fantasy based, while other reality based, but still, it\'s an interesting subject. Not all people in the Government are anti-gun. There are many politicians that are pro-gun and fight to protect our rights when they are under attack. Unfortunately, many people in the Government think it is okay for their armed goons to be roaming the street but they want us to be disarmed for our own safety. Think about it people. You give up your guns and you will be giving up everything. Much more on the way guys, Eric CHECK OUT OUR NEW WEBSITE! http://www. iraqveteran8888.com http://www. mosspawnandguns. com YouTube Hotline: (770)692-9326 Moss Pawn and Gun 6382 Old Dixie Hwy Jonesboro, GA, 30236 Like us on Facebook: http://www. facebook. com/iraqveteran8888official Follow us on Instagram: http://instagram. com/mrsiraqveteran8888/ Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter. com/Iraqveteran8888 http://www. youtube. com/reelmen8888 Shirts & other Apparel: http://www. iraqveteran8888.spreadshirt. com http://www. reelmen8888.spreadshirt. com Royalty Free Music by www. premiumbeat. com Disclaimer: Our videos are for entertainment purposes only, imitation or the use of any instruction shown in the videos is solely AT YOUR OWN RISK. Iraqveteran8888 will not be held liable for any injury to yourself or damage to your firearms resulting from attempting anything shown in any our videos.

5 Guns The Government Doesn't Want You To Have.

published: 30 Dec 2013

This video as a collaboration with Top5\'s. They have made a video called \'The Deepweb | The Other Side Of The Internet. Be sure to check it out here: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=-HG2VVIOKno We are told that the deep web is often used by criminals to covertly carry out illicit activity. Sin embargo,

duration: 4:51

published: 30 Dec 2015

updated: 30 Dec 2015

The truth about drivers license and how you have been suckered by the government into paying for and abiding by rules that do not apply to any one individual when not engaged in any kind public transportation moving people or using roadways as a business for making money. Eddie Craig presentation o

duration: 157:55

published: 08 May 2013

updated: 08 May 2013

Gobierno

Government . refers to the legislators. administrators. and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized (Referred. More to govern than control). Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government . or form of state governance . refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include " regime type " and " system of government ".

States are served by a continuous succession of different governments. Each successive government is composed of a body of individuals who control and exercise control over political decision-making. Their function is to make and enforce laws and arbitrate conflicts. In some societies, this group is often a self-perpetuating or hereditary class. In other societies, such as democracies. the political roles remain, but there is frequent turnover of the people actually filling the positions.

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Government

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

TMA Indicator

The triangular moving average (TMA) is a weighted average of the last n prices (P), whose result is equivalent to a double smoothed simple moving average (i. e. calculated twice).

Trading Use

As with other moving averages, the triangular moving average can be used to identify a trend by using the slope of the average (or lack of slope in a ranging market). However, due to the additional smoothing, triangular moving averages tend to be smoother, and have more waves, than standard moving averages. Interestingly, triangular moving averages often appear more responsive to direction changes, even though the additional smoothing actually moves the domainant input value to the middle of the input series (which would decrease responsiveness).

Forex Technical Analysis With Kaufman MTF Moving Average Trading System

Forex Kaufman Multi Time Frame Moving Average Trading System – is an trend following strategy. Only trades in the direction of the trend ( remember trend is your friend ). The direction of the trend is determined by the Kaufman V.3 indicator: line white > magenta line trend is up ; line white < magenta line trend is down .

MTF Moving Average is an indicator that can display moving averages from different timeframes. It is meant to show you the moving average on a higher timeframe without having to open up a chart of that higher timeframe (such as plotting an hourly EMA on a 15 min chart).

Forex Kaufman MTF MA Trading Rules

Multi Time Frame (MTF) Analysis helps pinpoint the trend across timeframes. The reference chart should use a time frame lager than the reference chart. If momentum lines up on both charts, traders can consider new positions.

Multiple time frame analysis is the use of multiple graphs and time frames in order to calculate the current direction of the market . This skill is particularly important to short term traders and scalpers that are looking to identify the direction of the trend, prior to entering into the market. ¡Empecemos!

Recommended Article: The Magical Multiple Moving Average Forex indicator to Evaluate Trading Conditions

Use this trading system in M15 time frame.

Kaufman indicator Trend up and above H1 MTF Moving Average;

ZZ Window green;

FAC Recommendation buy only

ABC pattern arrow blue buy must be confirmed by:

FX Trender indicator>0;

If these conditions agreed to open a long position at the opening of the next bar.

Kaufman indicator Trend down and below H1 MTF Moving Average;

ZZ Window red;

FAC Recommendation sell only

ABC pattern arrow red sell must be confirmed by:

FX Trender indicator < 0;

If these conditions agreed to open a long position at the opening of the next bar.

Scalping with re-enter . fast profit target that depends by currency pair and time frame or on the pivot point levels (for intraday trading);

or exit position when kaufman indicator v.3 reverse trend.

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MTF MA Indicator

MTF MA Indicator Description:

If you are seeking for a free of charge download of MTF MA Metatrader Indicator. then you’re exploring the ideal web page. This indicator is great for both editions of Metatraders - MT4 and MT4 and definitely will work in all Metatrader versions. This is the MTF MA indicator mq4 for Metatrader 4 or Metatrader 5. This is provided totally free for download.

MTF MA photo was added which presents the glimpse of the indicator following it is put in your Metatrader. If you believe that the image above is exactly what you are trying to find, you can set up it. There are even other Metatrader Multi Time Frame Indicators which you may select. All you must do is go to our Multi Time Frame indicator section to know a lot more of what is in store for.

You might have this by just downloading it and saving it in your pc. When you have installed it in your computer, you’ll share the same pleasure which the other 1 visitors have downloaded this MTF MA indicator. In fact, downloads continue to increase reaching more or less a total of 147 downloads.

If you think our website hosting of these free metatrader 4 indicators is useful for you, then promote it to your friends by just clicking the share buttons. We too recommend you to put a review and a ranking for the indicator that you’ve downloaded. Your rating is essential for other traders to download this from our site. Thank you for spending your time in visiting our website ForexIndi and downloading the MTF MA.

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